Medicon Publications

Friction stir processing is a very promising method widely joining varieties of metals in other relatively marine, shipbuilding, automotive industries, aeronautical and heavy machinery industries due to the following advantages i.e. low porosity, less tendency to cracking and fewer defects. Research investigates the mechanical properties for input parameters welding speed, rotational speed, tilt angle, axial force and output parameters tensile strength, micro hardness on advancements of aluminum alloys by using friction stir processing on based with cost Taguchi L9 used for the carrying with research on experiments with trailing on parent materials is different ranges of input responses on welding speed is 60 mm/min , rotational speed 1250 rpm, tilt angle 3⁰, and axial force of 12 KN output responses tensile strength are 167 MPa measured on the basis of ASTM on specimens and analysis for carrying and used design of experiments and mathematical modeling, the relations with empirical process useful for the development for automated design.

Keywords: Aeronautical Industries; Mechanical Properties; Advancements of Aluminium Alloys

Over the past few years, the use of electronic health records (EHRs), wearable devices and health apps has grown in popularity. Due to the abundance of collected and integrated data, self-management of health becomes more practical. Among the challenges facing the current health system are intelligent homes and intelligent workplaces made possible by the Internet of Things. The Web of Things (WoT) is a subset of the Internet of Things that aims to connect everyday things to the Internet and manage interoperability. Furthermore, collaboration of health data with data from various devices at home and at work, as well as open data on the Internet, is critical for successful and accessible health self-management. Unfortunately, shared health data may be untrustworthy for a variety of reasons. Uncertainty can be caused by heterogeneity, incompleteness, unavailability, and data inconsistency. To address the problem of health data uncertainty, we provide a probabilistic approach for composing uncertain Health Connected Data and computing the probabilities to deliver the final degree of uncertainty. We also present a method for parsing typical WoT objects into a new programmatic form that mimics the uncertainty of health data. Using a health care use case, we show how our technique successfully integrates uncertain health data with home, work, and sport environment data for the WoT domain.

Keywords: Uncertainty; WoT; uncertain IoT; REST Data; Integration; Probability

A new type of wind turbine has been created called the bladeless turbine, which uses a completely new type to capture wind energy, as it works with a minimum of moving parts to generate electric current using the vibration produced by the wind. In this chapter, numerical modeling of airflow around a two-dimensional cylinder was made and compared with the reference values to ensure the correctness of the program used, and then the three-dimensional cylinder was studied and the numerical study expanded to include several cases. Where the study was conducted on 5 different shapes of the mast by changing the angles of inclination of the cylinder under boundary conditions T=288.16 K, P=l atm, V = 0.0003 m/s and studying the effect of model dimensions on the results of the modeling process by comparing the pressure diagrams around the studied shapes in order to ensure that the results are within the least relative error. The results also showed that with increasing the angle of inclination of the cylinder, a lower pressure drop was obtained. Numerical modeling of the airflow around the bladeless wind turbine was also made according to two cases, the first case when the same boundary conditions V =0.0003 m/s, T = 288.16 K, P = l atm, the second case at reference boundary conditions V = 3 m/s, T = 300K, P = l atm, Using a regular mesh and hexahedron, the density of the used mesh has been modeled, and then reviewing the effect of the used perturbative model on the results, choosing the perturbative model best suited to the studied case, and comparing it with the reference case.

Keywords: Vortex Induced Vibrations; Bladeless Windmill; Vortex Shedding; Numerical Modeling

The shoreline, which is the boundary line between water and land is undergoing constant changes due to varying dynamic factors like, bathymetry, wave climate, currents, and coastal orientation. Shoreline movement causes erosion and accretion on thecoast. The repeated storms and the rise in sea levels lead to coastal flooding and which contributes toerosion/accretion problem on the coast. For the present attempt, the shoreline evolution is analysed by using numerical method, due to the development of Thangassery harbour in Kerala coast in India. To predict the shoreline evolutions at Thangassery harbour Mike 21 SW and LITPACK modules are utilized. The studies reveal that after the harbour construction, there is tremendous accretion on the immediate south of leeward breakwater followed by erosion trend.

Keywords: harbour; breakwater; shoreline; erosion; accretion; LITPACK

While block chain, clean energy and virtual technology gradually complete the profound deconstruction of regional culture, there is also the "re-organization" and "re-visualization" of regional culture. The game paradigm is the operation mode, communication language and interaction mechanism of e-sports. With "digital drive, cultures, art, innovation" as the starting point, the visual elements of the research on regional culture and block chain extending reality, realize the decentralized VR/AR/MR born from the physical world and the world seamless link (heart) and yuan universe the fusion, the technology is advance esports transmission iterative build regional culture important focus.

Keywords: e-sports; cross-modal; regional culture; iterative construction; interactive experience

In 2008 several Construction bodies sat together and formed The Institute for Lean Construction Excellence (ILCE) with the objective to spread awareness about Lean practices. At present, several Construction majors like L & T, Shapoorji Pallonji, Afcons, URC Construction, TATA Realty, Godrej Construction & many more both construction or non-construction companies are following Lean Construction practices.

Groundwater recharge zones in Devi watershed, Odisha, India, have been mapped for the first time as part of a study. The research was performed by delineating possible recharge zones in the Devi watershed utilizing geospatial techniques and a Geographical Information System. The factors used to estimate the Groundwater Recharge Potential Zone comprise lithology, geomorphology, drainage patterns, precipitation, soils, and land use-land cover (LULC). SRTM Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was used to obtain the slope. The Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) method is based on subjective approach in which weightages are assigned by pair wise comparison between various criteria obtained through policies by decision makers Saaty (1980). The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method calculates the required weights associated with the respective criterion map layers with the help of a preference matrix, in which all relevant criteria identified are compared against each other on the basis of preference factors then the weights are aggregated. GIS-based AHP has gained popularity because of its capacity to integrate a large quantity of heterogeneous data. This GWRZ statistics will be valuable in identifying optimal areas for water extraction in the research region. According to the groundwater prospective map, the SW parts of the territory have very poor, as does the SE part to some extent, while the majority of the land has good groundwater recharge possibilities. Moderate groundwater recharge are limited primarily to the North West terrain and population regions similarly some areas in E and SE parts showing very good possibilities of artificial recharge zone in the watershed.

Keywords: Devi River; Watershed; Groundwater recharge zone; RS; GIS; AHP Technique; MCDASS; Odisha

This paper describes the application remote sensing satellite for vegetation in the management of the Cirata Reservoir. This reservoir is a provider of raw water for the Cirata hydropower plant, which is the largest hydropower plant in Indonesia. In the next 2 years, the largest floating solar power plant in Indonesia and Southeast Asia will also be built here. The results of monitoring using Earth Observing System, the area of water hyacinth in the Cirata Reservoir is in the range of 100 to 400 hectares. Cleaning of water hyacinth per month is in the range of 25 to 75 hectares per month. This has not been able to compensate for the water hyacinth area cover that can develop, especially during the rainy season which has an impact on increasing the Water Level. Therefore, this paper also presents several management strategies that have been carried out. In Indonesia in particular, there are many reservoirs that have the potential for algae blooming disturbances and the potential for floating solar power plants in the future. The experiment conducted in Cirata can be an alternative in best practice management.

Biological fertilizers are of great importance in further improving agricultural production. Therefore, the effect of fungal fertilizers with isolates of T. harzianum and G. mosseae and levels of phosphate rock on NPK availability in the rhizosphere of the barley crop was studied. A field trial was conducted on clay loamy soil to produce a variety of barley crops named (Samir 1) during the autumn agricultural season in 2021 in the Al-Qadisiyah Governorate. The factorial experiment was designed according to a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The factors of the experiment included two levels of T. harzianum inoculum (T0, control and T1, fungal inoculation), two levels of G. mosseae inoculum (G0, control and G1 fungal inoculation), and four levels of phosphate rock (P0, P1, P2, and P3) with an amount (0,1000,1500, and 2000) t/ha^-1. The results present that the interaction treatment (G. mosseae + T. harzianum and phosphate rock of 1000 t/ha^-1) resulted in a significant increase in the availability of nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium (NPK) in the soil 41.32, 16.54, and 225.43 mg/kg/soil^-1, respectively, compared to the control.

Keywords: T. harzianum; G. mosseae; Phosphate rocks; Barley plant; NPK

Papillary carcinoma thyroid has an aggressive form which is follicular variant [2]. More commonly it presents with regional lymphadenopathy and extrathyroidal extension [1]. A 24year old patient presented with chief complaints of swelling in front of the neck for the past 5 years, patient noticed the swelling in front of the neck, insidious in onset, gradually progressed to attain the current size.Not associated with any pain. FNAC showed papillary variant hence hemithyroidectomy was done which later proved to be FVPTC in HPE.

It is possible to detect possible changes in the differentiation steps of progenitor cell clones in hematopoiesis with a target protein. In our study, PinX1 (PIN2/TRF1-interacting telomerase inhibitor 1), nucleostemin (guanine nucleotide-binding protein-like 3) expressions were determined in erythroid (CD71⁺), myeloid (CD71^-) cell groups obtained from two different healthy donors prepared for transplantation, chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line; K562 and acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line; HL-60, along with TERT (Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase) levels were determined and their relationships with each other were investigated. According to RT-PCR and TERT concentration results; PinX1 and nucleostemin expression in K562 and HL-60 cell lines were shown to be significantly higher along with TERT concentration. In addition, PinX1, nucleostemin expression and TERT concentration were found to be higher in the erythroid (CD71⁺) group obtained from healthy donors than in the myeloid (CD71^-) group. The findings of this study showed that there may be a relationship between PinX1 and nucleostemin and that PinX1 and nucleostemin could be targets in leukemia patients in prospective drug studies.

Keywords: PinX1 (PIN2/TRF1-interacting telomerase inhibitor 1); nucleostemin (guanine nucleotide-binding protein-like 3); TERT (Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase); Chronic myelogenous leukemia; Acute promyelocytic leukemia

The article outlines a number of problems associated with teaching foreign languages in the specialty in technical higher educational institutions of Turkmenistan, and development of professionally oriented textbooks and teaching aids. A set of exercises and special level tasks for texts is proposed. Models of improving the quality of teaching foreign languages in technical higher educational institutions of Turkmenistan at the stage of transition to the Bologna process and educational activities held by the Department of Languages of the State Energy Institute of Turkmenistan are described. It is substantiated that the proposed models of educational activities for teachers will contribute to improving the language and professional competence of the students; retraining the teachers of foreign languages in a short time according to the educational program of a technical higher educational institution; introducing innovative pedagogical technologies in the educational process; creating high-quality textbooks in English, Russian, Chinese, German and Persian languages in the specialty for power engineers; using testing technology to control students’ knowledge; creating language software and banks of test tasks in professional foreign languages.

Keywords: professionally oriented teaching, professional training, language competence, distance learning technologies, innovative teaching methods, language in the specialty, foreign language communication

Oil is essentials for cooking and meal in daily life. Dairy farming seems difficult in the world wide because of climate change, decreasing of pasture, animals, feed, and workers. Furthermore, human develop residential lands using natural agricultural land, field, and forest. Peoples make oils from crops, and result in increasement the wasted materials after processing. We can upcycle not recycle it.

The method is very easy to use water technology which is always needed and helpful in daily life. The water possesses deoxidizing energy and reduce the substance meaning upcycle. We found the technology to change the new oil form the used oil, and make it new oil employing at restaurant for several years.

Keyword: reuse; deoxidation; cooking oil; pico-sized water; functional group

Acute abdomen necessitates immediate attention and treatment. Acute abdominal pain (AAP) is responsible for 7-10% of all ED visits. Nonetheless, the epidemiology of AAP in the ED is poorly understood. 1 The purpose of this study was to look into the epidemiology and consequences of AAP in an adult population referred to an urban emergency department. An institution-based, cross-sectional study was done among patients admitted with abdominal discomfort from January 1^st to January 31^st, 2022. This research concluded with. Gall bladder pathology was the most common cause of acute abdomen. It was present in 30% of cases, followed by gall bladder pathology, acute gastritis, pancreatitis, ureteric calculi, mesenteric lymphadenitis, acute appendicitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease.

Sarcopenia is a state outlined by loss of muscle strength, muscle quantity, or function. Sarcopenia is usually seen in the elderly population, persons following a sedentary lifestyle, and individuals with inappropriate nutritional intake or absorption; hence sarcopenia was interchangeably used with frailty syndrome. It is quite often seen in chronic ailments, such as chronic liver disease, accompanying with a greater possibility of unpleasant clinical outcomes. Nutritional assessment plays a pivotal role in treatment planning, more so in patients suffering from chronic ailments. The traditional methods of nutritional assessment and sarcopenia have been widely subjective, while the objective measurement techniques, especially using computed tomography (CT scan) has been in vogue lately. Imaging of lean body mass (LBM), skeletal muscle index, anthropometric measurements such as “mid upper arm circumference (MUAC), and muscle strength” measurements together mark the gold standard for assessing sarcopenia.

Keywords: Chronic liver disease; Frailty syndrome; Nutritional assessment; Sarcopenia; Skeletal muscle mass

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is triggered by a series of immune responses to an acute inflammation. The failure of the initial immune response to control the inflammation leads to a chronic inflammatory condition. In which case the loop of positive feedback of immune cells is triggered. This abnormal immune response leads to its classification as an autoimmune disease. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are a self-regenerative, multilineage stem cells that have an immunosuppressive nature. These qualities make them a great candidate for the treatment of autoimmune disorders, specifically RA. RA is a genetically inherited marker that cannot be changed. However, studying the immune response to this inflammatory condition along with the influence of MSC on immune cells can direct us towards a new regenerative drug that can reverse or antagonize the damage caused in advanced cases of RA can help in the.

     This year, we reported the reasons for continuing Omicron to collect information on amino acids associated with Omicron. We found the relationship between the number of atoms (C, H, N, and O) in the amino acids to the Omicron's characteristics. Following it, we discuss the many variants of the present Omicrons to analyze more kinds of amino acids. We estimate the mix of the present Omicron and its effect on other diseases like diabetes rather than the respiratory system at the beginning time. Based on this analysis, we found the developed water will give a particular resolution.

Games have been used as a part of teaching learning process in the ancient time, since 3500 B.C. Till now gaming was not officially incorporated in nursing curriculum in India but after 1980’s in European countries has been included video games as a substitute to conventional lecture method.

     Adopting a new strategy in methods of teaching is not so easy and many of the nurse educators are typically slow to adopt new innovations in curriculum, even though game-based learning (GBL) is considered to be easy and convenient for enhancing learning skills, decision making and developing critical thinking skills. Research findings had showed that video games in nursing education had reported many potential benefits to nursing students to enhance academic growth. The main aim of this review is to identify the advantages of GBL in nursing curriculum and to check how educational games are useful in this current scenario.

Stomas have been created by surgeons as a diversion of feces since the early 1800s. Morbidity and mortality related to stoma creation has progressively decreased with the advancement of modern therapy. Morbidity related to stoma was estimated between 2.9% to 81.1% in India [1]. Stoma complications, including skin irritation and leakage, dehydration from high output stomas, bowel obstruction, prolapse, and parastomal hernia are common impediments to this life saving procedure. Parastomal hernias are of an interest as their further management needs surgical intervention.

Every 5 December, we are celebrating as a soil day throughout the world to create awareness about the issues of soils since 2015 (declared as decade of soils-2015-2025 by UN). Soil quality (SQ) is the capacity of a specific kind of a soil to function, within natural and managed ecosystem boundaries, to sustain plant and animal productivity, maintain or enhance water and air quality and support human health and habitation[4].In the mid sixteen due to introduction of dwarf verities, which need high input in term of fertilizers, water, pesticides increased agricultural production but discriminate and imbalance use of fertilizer deteriorate inheherent capacity of soil to supply plant nutrient. Soil health (SH) refers to the fitness of soil for any specific purpose determined by the factors chosen for soil classification, soil suitability and land capability. It examines spatial and temporal variations induced by land use policy or management. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the most reliable, versatile and easily assessable indicator, encompassing interactive effect of several factors. Plateuing or decreasing trends of crop yields at current level of management indicates declining SH. Erosion, drought and desertification, irrigation induced salinity and sodicity, paradigm shift in land use, nutrient depletion and intensive cultivation are the cause of SH deterioration. Erratic rainfall and exploitation of land, water and vegetation resources by ever increasing human and livestock population further accentuate the problem of SH. Increasing salinity, residual carbonate, alkalinity and contamination of surface and ground water through heavy metals, nitrates, fluoride and arsenic are the reflection of deteriorating SH.

Haematological, Histopathological, and Internal organs response of African catfish (Clariasgariepinus) fingerlings, were used as selection criteria for three auto-detoxified mixtures of Jatropha kernel cake with bovine blood (ADMJKC/bb) coded, Y3, Z2, and Z4. Each of the three test ingredients was evaluated at a 30 % and a 50% replacement level with fishmeal. Thus with a control, the ingredients were compared in seven iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets (control, Y330, Y350, Z230, Z250, Z430, and Z450). The control significantly (P<0.05) had higher haemoglobin level, packed cell volume (PCV) and lower white blood cell count (WBC) than the ADMJKC/bb test ingredients. Similarly, increasing the ADMJKC/bb from 30% to 50% of reduced the PCV and increased WBC. However, the PCV and WBC in Z430 were significantly (P<0.05) different from their Z230 and Y330.counterparts. Histopathology and internal organ response followed similar trends as haematology. This lead to the conclusion that, the Y3 and Z2 ADMJKC/bb ingredients were better detoxified than the Z4 ingredient. However, Y3 and Z2 should not replace more than 30% of fishmeal diets for C. gariepinus fingerings. Therefore, there is a need to continue development of the Y3 and Z2 ingredients for C. gariepinus and other farm animals.

The real tangible wealth of any country is the natural resources which are extractable on a sustained basis. It is from this natural wealth that further capital (produced capital) is produced with the intervention of human capital. Since the extractable natural resources are limited, ultimately there is a limit to the wealth of a country. An increase in the wealth or growth in economy is not sufficient at all. The important thing is that what has been the distributary effect of the economic activities. With limited wealth, a country cannot have many excessively rich people without creating poverty. The wealth of a country is an asset which has to be utilized in a purposeful manner. If left to market forces, the limited wealth becomes distributed in a much skewed manner. If human capital is invested in evidently unnecessary pursuits, it will only result in the neglect of the essential needs of the society.

In a climatic context, such as that one in our study area, water is a major environmental issue. The combination of several significant causes already explains the scarcity of water in the town of Guercif: lack of rainfall, climate change, and overexploitation of groundwater. In addition to this structural data, it should be remembered that the sustained dynamics of the area from the point of view of urban planning, demographics, as well as industrial and agricultural development accentuate the demand for a matter as vital as water. The need for water in Guercif will follow the trend of population growth and water-consuming activities. In this context, the deficit recorded during 2019 for the water supply, threatened the urban development of a city newly promoted to the status of the chief town of the province. This study was conducted in two phases: an exploratory phase marked by semi-directive interviews with institutional actors, the service concerned with the production and distribution of drinking water in Guercif, complemented by the second phase of a survey with a sample of heads of households. A mass of data from the field surveys during the summer of 2019 guided the analysis of the impacts of the water shortage in Guercif, as well as the behavior of the urban population towards water consumption and saving. This study describes the satisfaction scales of a sample of urban households based on a questionnaire. The results obtained from the surveys carried out during 2019 confirm the vulnerability of the water sector in Guercif, where the local water potential remains largely dependent on external contributions.

International students have greater difficulties navigating a variety of academic and social contexts than host nationals. Language-related issues were among the most often cited difficulties by students studying abroad. Many students who study abroad and rely on language to navigate have a tough time learning a new language. If asked to identify the most significant influence on language learning, most teachers and students would likely name motivation. Teachers of foreign languages frequently use the term "motivation" when describing successful or failed students. Nonetheless, there is no doubt that motivation is the most complex and difficult challenge confronted by language learners, particularly in this digital age. Numerous research on the efficiency of computer-assisted language learning have been conducted in recent years, and the literature on the psychology of language learning is vast. Regarding the psychological aspect of a mobile-assisted language-learning environment, relatively little research has been undertaken. In addition, few research have directly examined the attitudes of international students regarding the usage of mobile devices to motivate their foreign language learning. The purpose of this article is to investigate Chinese over-seas university students' use of MALL applications to motivate foreign language learning in Germany. The study evaluated whether and how perceived tools or activities can affect learners' motivation to acquire foreign languages in informal settings. In addition, the reasons why mobile devices motivate language use and specific types of motivation are investigated.

Liver disease itself profoundly affects level of nutrition and malnutrition is commonly observed in ESLD patients awaiting liver transplantation (LT) [1]. Malabsorption renders the cirrhotic patient unable to utilize the food taken completely. Malnutrition is a considerable challenge to control efficiently in cirrhotic patients, specifically as the liver disorder advances [2]. Clinical nutrition was focused on nutritional support in order to meet the patient’s requirements and has been progressed to nutritional therapy planned as per the patient’s medical diagnosis. Recently, physicians and nutritionists are giving more importance to immunonutrition and pharmaconutrition [3].

Patients waiting for liver transplant are faced with a variety of nutritional deficiencies and as liver disease advances, they might present with severe malnutrition, which enhances morbidity, prolonged hospital stay, increased infectious complications and decreased clinical outcome. Due to various metabolic alterations occurs in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), it is a challenge to manage and maintain nutritional requirements to improve their outcome and survival as they are prone for micronutrient deficiencies along with protein calorie deficiency. Hence, it is vital to do nutritional assessment during their visit to hepatology clinic and plan diet plan accordingly. In this review, we are addressing about the nutritional issues frequently observed among cirrhotics and the usual nutritional assessment tools.

The global spread of malaria is a serious public health concern. Parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium are responsible for this condition. Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax are responsible for the vast majority of human malaria cases, however the former is the more dangerous species. During their blood stages, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax cause similar anemia. Nearly a third of all malaria deaths are attributable to severe cases of malarial anemia induced by P falciparum. Multiple factors seem to contribute to malaria-related anemia. Red blood cell clearance increases and bone marrow erythropoiesis decreases characterize this condition. Still poorly understood at the molecular level are the mechanisms that cause malarial anemia. Malaria parasite ligands have been investigated for their potential roles in the destruction of adult erythrocytes and the remodeling of younger erythrocytes. The risk of developing severe malarial anemia has been linked to polymorphisms in cytokines. It is believed that the goal of these cytokines and the "toxins" generated by malaria is to interfere with erythropoiesis. The inflammation brought on by malaria is likely to be exacerbated by co-infections, making malarial anemia more likely to develop [1].

Phenomics research into plants allows for the non-invasive tracking of development, efficiency, and composition. The missing link between the phenome and the genome is connecting phenotypes to their underlying genetic causes. Plant phenotypic plasticity is affected by the complex interactions between the DNA, the environment, and the management of the plant. The relationship between plants and pathogens, as well as the susceptibility of plants to illness, can be investigated by using phonemics. New opportunities exist thanks to sensing technologies for detecting specific phenotypic reactions during plant-pathogen interaction, allowing for faster selection of genetic material resistant to specific pathogens or strains and greater insight into the physiological mechanisms linking pathogen infection and host disease symptoms. Changes in plant diseases that have not yet shown apparent symptoms can also be detected using phonemics. In plant diseases, digital imaging, chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, spectral imaging, and thermal imaging are all used. Magnetic resonance, soft x-ray imaging, ultrasound, and volatile chemical detection are briefly described as examples of less common techniques. It is challenging to generate representative and reliably labelled training data at this size due to the observation of only mixed spectra of plant and fungal components. For this purpose, clear spectra are required. Contaminants on a surface can be detected at an early stage using infrared light. The temperature sensitivity and real-time detection capabilities of thermal imaging make it useful. There have been significant advances in high-throughput, low-cost analysis of genetic data and in non invasive phenotyping. We hope that our work may hasten the introduction of automated, non-destructive methods for high-throughput phenotyping of plant-pathogen interactions.

Thanks to recent developments in genome engineering, it is now possible to make targeted changes to DNA sequences in plant cells, resulting in plants with desirable characteristics. The efficiency with which sequence-specific nucleases and repair templates are delivered to plant cells is crucial for effective gene targeting. Particle bombardment and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation are two methods that do this; however, they each change just a small percentage of cells in the tissues being treated. Vectors based on viruses that can replicate on their own have recently been shown to be an effective method of delivering GE reagents to plants. Gene targeting rates in model plants (Nicotiana benthamiana) and crops have been shown to be high for both DNA and RNA viruses (Shan.S. 2017). The use of plant viruses as vectors for the heterologous expression of genes dates back more than 30 years. Different approaches have been taken to using them since then, but what has consistently propelled viral vector use is the three-stage convergence of technology and virology tools that we will explore below. Firstly, the development of molecular biology and reverse genetics allowed for the cloning and manipulation of viral genomes to express genes of interest. The second is due to the convenience and extensive application of virus-induced gene silencing made possible by the discovery of RNA silencing and the development of high-throughput sequencing tools (Cody et al., 2019). Transient RNA and DNA replicons based on viruses provide a number of advantages over transgenic gene expression, including speed and ease of development and the potential for widespread application in a wide range of plant species. While the instability of the foreign gene in the viral genome can be problematic, these features are especially useful when rapidly increasing gene expression is a priority. Gene replacement, gene insertion, epitope presentation, the use of virus-controlled gene expression cassettes, and complementation are only some of the methods that have been tried and evaluated for foreign gene expression in various virus-based vectors (Herman B. et al. 1996). The study of host gene activities in plants and the delivery of short RNAs to insects have both benefited from the use of virus-induced gene silencing, which is RNA-mediated and activated through homology-dependent RNA degradation mechanisms (Peter A. et al. 2020).

Environmental degradation is deterioration of the environment or the disintegration of the earth through consumption of assets, like, air, water, and soil. The destruction of environment and the eradication of wildlife are the major effects of it. Air pollution, water pollution, and soil pollution of the natural environment are all challenges for India. According to World Bank experts, India has made good progress between 1995 through 2010, in addressing its environmental issues and improving its environmental quality. However, Still, India has a long way to go to reach environmental quality like those enjoyed in developed economies. Environmental degradation is one of the primary reasons for causes of several diseases, health issues and long-term livelihood impact for India. Following are some of the significant issues of environmental degradation discussed at a length.

Some aspects of the application of probabilistic methods in the problems of dynamics, strength and reliability of rail crews are consistently outlined. Methods for generating random perturbation and solving problems about random oscillations of crews with linear and nonlinear characteristics of spring suspension are considered. It is shown that random oscillations of nonlinear systems are non-stationary and to determine their probabilistic characteristics it is necessary to apply the averaging procedure for a set of implementations.

The semi-automatic car parking system has been used in many cities across the world due to its many benefits, including its tiny model, compaction, need for less space, and speedy construction. The car parking system solution may hold the key to addressing the parking needs of urban areas since it has specifications that are appropriate to the needs and characteristics of HoChiMinh City. However, in terms of sustainable and aesthetically pleasing urban development, choosing the best location to place the parking model is difficult. Therefore, this research aims to determine the selection of criteria affecting the location of semi-automatic car parking criteria based on a Multicriteria Decision Making Model (MCDM). The contribution of this study is a set of guidelines with four primary criteria and eighteen sub-criteria to assist private businesses and local management organizations choose the best location for semi-automatic parking to maximize efficiency and toward urban sustainability.

In view of the poor evaluation effect of MOOC learning efficiency, this study proposes an intelligent evaluation method of MOOC learning efficiency based on Kirkpatrick's model. Firstly, Kirkpatrick's model is used to screen the evaluation indexes of MOOC learning efficiency, so as to construct the intelligent evaluation system of teaching-learning efficiency. Then optimize the intelligent evaluation steps of teaching efficiency. The experimental results show that this method has high practicability and accuracy in practical application, and can fully meet the research requirements.

So what is the Russian engineering school? Why exactly is it necessary to restore it? Among the many publications on the founding of 30 engineering schools in Russia, there is almost no explanation of this phenomenon [1]. Perhaps this is due to the fact that historians of science know more about the “Russian engineering school”. Experts in the history of science and Higher Education in Russia are in solidarity in their main assessments and conclusions [2]. According to their opinion, from the birth of engineering education in Russia under Peter the Great and up to the present day, the engineering school has been preparing true engineering élite, who were capable of resolving the most challenging issues of ensuring security and technological development of the country. Since the end of the 19th century it has achieved such a level that it has always been a role model for others to follow. For a better understanding of the Russian engineering education, it is necessary to look at the main periods of its formation and development [3].

The Forces between two charges are one the four fundamental forces that keep the world together Indeed when a single photon is emitted, it spreads over a system, the intensity decrease by square law of the distance which compliant with conservation of energy. A changing magnetic field creates an electric field, and a changing electric field creates a magnetic field, and an accelerating electric field creates an accelerating magnetic field. Electric lines are modeled for visualizing the effect in space of electrostatic forces that occur two or more charged particles. Maxwell equation provides a Mathematical model for electric, optical and radio technologies such as power generation, electrical motor and wireless communication. Unfortunately, Maxwell’s equation requires some advanced techniques which lie well beyond the understanding of this paper. The derivation of maxwell’s equations is approach established for the time -dependent from static laws, The variation of electrical fields and magnetic field and Faraday’s law can be derived without any assumption relativistic.

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the US and is caused mainly due to smoking. The number of patients that suffer from non-small cell lung cancer is around 85% of the total lung cancer population. Traditional treatment methods use radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, surgery, and/or a combination to treat lung cancer. The issue with these traditional drugs is the non-specific toxicity caused at other healthy sites which causes side effects such as nausea, hair loss, etc. New advancements in science opened an avenue called nanodrug drug delivery system to make therapeutics 1-100 nm in size to increase bioavailability and specificity. In this review article, we discuss a promising nanodrug delivery system, liposomes, to target NSCLC for its treatment.

The current FDA model of drug approval relies on determining the direct effect of treatment on outcomes of interest, including an evaluation of patient experience. The Cures Act (among others) that amends the Federal Foods and Cosmetic Act defines patient experience data as:

Recent years have seen the emergence of nanocellulose (NC), or cellulose in the form of nanostructures, as one of the most significant green materials now accessible. Due to their enticing and extraordinary characteristics, such as their abundance, high aspect ratio, outstanding mechanical capabilities, renewability, and biocompatibility, NC materials have garnered increased interest. This Review paper provides in detail information about the production method of nanocellulose, such as chemical methods, mechanical techniques, and from Feedstock for nanocellulose production. Each section includes a summary of the theme's related field and the most recent work done by the entities mentioned. Currently, on an industrial scale at tonnes per day, nanocellulose can be used in a various application in our daily lives, including tissue engineering, water purification, food packaging, Drug delivery, environmental protection field, electronic sensors, batteries, as well as in paper, polymer, medical, food processing industry, and more.

Admixtures of two relatively distinct populations; as a result of clashing, mixing, and merging; can drastically affect its population genetics. Studies have suggested that admixed populations are instrumental in establishing novel populations. Computer simulations is a common method to study population admixtures. Although it is plausible to study the emergence of novel populations from simulated admixed populations, studies in this area have been sparse. Here, we attempt to demonstrate the emergence of novel populations from admixed populations using simulation. Our results show that all admixed populations have the potential to result in the emergence of novel populations despite large majority (up to 90%) of one of the two source populations. The null hypothesis of no significant allelic changes can be rejected with a p-value of 5.3E-05. Therefore, our simulation study supports current studies suggesting that admixed populations are instrumental in establishing novel populations.

“Concept of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Need of the Hour in Indian Healthcare System”.

     Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is defined as “the clinical laboratory measurement of a chemical parameter that, with appropriate medical interpretation, will directly influence drug prescribing procedures”.It is the clinical practice of measuring specific drugs/medicines at selected intervals to maintain a constant concentration in a patient's bloodstream, thereby optimizing individualized dosage regimens. Generally, in TDM amount of drug concentration will be measured by using a suitable analytical method and the dose and therapeutic range adjusted accordingly [1].

Light is a form of electromagnetic energy that occurs as a particle, and progresses in waves, at a sustained velocity. The basic unit of this radiant energy is called a photon; the wave of photons travels at the speed of light and it can be defined by two basic properties- amplitude and wavelength. Amplitude is defined as the vertical height of the wave oscillation from the zero axis to its peak and it corresponds with the amount of energy in the wave. The latter that is wavelength is the horizontal distance between any two corresponding points on the wave [1].

A laser is a device that transforms the light of various frequencies into a chromatic radiation in the visible, infrared, and ultraviolet regions, with all the waves in the phase being capable of mobilizing immense heat and power when they are focused at a close range. Amplification is a part of a process that occurs inside the laser. Stimulated emission is the process which takes place within the active medium due to the pumping mechanism, and it was postulated by Albert Einstein in 1916 [2].

A number of lasers are used in dentistry named based on their active media such as carbon dioxide (CO₂) laser, neodymium yttrium-aluminum- garnet laser (Nd:YAG), Erbium laser and Diode laser [3]. Each of these lasers represents some features which make them applicable for specific dental goals. They can be applied for many dental branches like diagnosis, prevention, restorative procedures and endodontics [4]. The high intensity lasers treatment are intended for ablation, vaporization cutting and coagulating of the tissue because they work with increasing temperature, while the low intensity lasers are used in the processes of tissue repair, inflammation and in cases in which analgesia is required and are often referred to as photo biomodulation [5].

The light energy produced by a laser can have four different interactions with a target tissue: reflection, transmission, scattering, and absorption[6]. When a laser is absorbed, it elevates the temperature and produces photochemical effects depending on the water content of the tissues. When a temperature of 100°C is reached, vaporization of the water within the tissue occurs, a process called ablation. At temperatures below 100°C, but above approximately 60°C, proteins begin to denature, without vaporization of the underlying tissue [7].

Introduction: Older adults are the population group that consumes most medications and the most susceptible to adverse reactions from psychotropic drugs.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a system of educational actions aimed to the frequent use of psychotropic drugs in older adults

Methodological design: A community intervention study was carried out aimed at older adults who belong to the Family Medical Office # 22.25 in "Mariana Grajales" community, in Cifuentes municipality within the years 2019 and 2020. Theoretical methods were used: historical-logical, analysis-synthesis, inductive-deductive and systemic-structural; Empirical: documentary analysis and to assess the proposal, the criteria of specialists. In addition, mathematical-statistical methods were used.

Results: The diagnosis made demonstrated the need for changes in the use of psychotropic drugs and information in the older adults studied, for which structured educational actions were designed in five themes: psychotropic drugs, risk factors and complications of psychoactive drug use, adverse reactions of psychotropic drugs, diet and healthy lifestyles and treatment of comorbidities. The proposal was valued by specialists as updated, contributing, transcendental and viable.

Conclusions: The educational actions were effective in reducing the use of psychotropic drugs in the investigated older adults, achieving an acquisition of knowledge in relation to this topic once implemented.

     The Outcome-based Education (OBE) introduce in the United States since 1994. Many countries started onwards for universities also implementing in public schools system since 2008.

     In Outcome-based education, teachers are the facilitators, rather than lecturers. In OBE teachers guide students through learning, hands-on, curricular activities & interactions to guide student engagement with new study material. Also motivate & encourage the application of developing knowledge and skills through the students.

     In Outcome-based education, teachers are the facilitators, rather than lecturers. In OBE teachers guide students through learning, hands-on, curricular activities & interactions to guide student engagement with new study material. Also motivate & encourage the application of developing knowledge and skills through the students.

Environmental challenges are universal in scope, and as each nation has jurisdiction over its own territory and is responsible for its own environment, it should exercise control over, monitor, and establish legislation to protect that environment. India is also affected by this.

     Agriculture was the first occupation of man, and as it embraces the whole earth, it is the foundation of all.

     In pre-historic times, man survived by foraging the natural fruits and hunting in the wild. Thousands of years then he learnt the art of growing crops and cultivated the food he want in his own settlement. He made improvements in all the practices of agriculture. Even now technology gets better and better to achieve the goals of productivity, profitability and food security. But the thought of sustainability, stability and safety in agriculture is of very recent genesis.

     Agriculture is one of the most important sectors of the Indian economy. It has existed in this country for thousands of years. It has evolved over the years and the use of new technology and equipment has replaced almost all traditional farming methods. Also, there are still some small farmers in India who use old traditional farming methods as they lack the resources to apply modern methods. Moreover, it is the only sector that contributes to the growth not only of itself but also of other sectors in the country.

     Climate change has been affecting different parts of the world differently. This arises out of variations in the environmental and socio-economic conditions of people across the globe. Changes in global climate are mostly the result of human-induced changes in the global atmospheric composition. The 2021 report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change (IPCC) provides strong evidence of anthropogenic influence, especially through emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) on the increase in global surface air temperature over the last 5 decades relative to 1850-1900 (Eyring et al., 2021). Agriculture is one of the human activities that emit significant amounts of GHGs. It contributes about 37% of total GHG emissions (Climate Analytics, 2021), which by 2018, amounts to 9.3 billion tonnesof carbon dioxide equivalent (FAO, 2020).

     Release of untreated textile effluents, especially into water bodies contributes immensely in making the environment unhealthy, and thereby affecting entire life of humans, plants and other aquatic animals. This eventually affects the quality of water and limits its utilization. This study was carried out to determine some physical and chemical parameters of Challawa textile industrial effluent in Kano, Nigeria. Physicochemical characterization of textile effluents collected from Challawa industrial estates was carried out and the parameters considered in this study were Temperature, pH, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Dissolve Oxygen and Electrical Conductivity EC . Using morphological and biochemical characteristics, three (3) species of bacteria (Pseudomonasearuginosa, Pseudomonasflourescens and Bacillusmegaterium) were obtained from the central laboratory of Bayero University, Kano for their ability to degrade textile effluents and grow on minimum basal medium efficiently and rapidly. The biodegradation and decolourisations of the bacterial species were carried out for 5 days and the results were expressed in percentages with Pseudomonasearuginosa (99.60%), Pseudomonasflourescens and Bacillusmegaterium (89.00%) The results showed high rates of physicochemical parameters. Analysis of variance of the results revealed that, there was statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in Temperature, pH and DO after bioremediation. While there was no significant difference in the reduction efficacy of BOD, COD and EC. The selected bacterial species represent a promising tool for application in bioremediation of textile industrial effluents and the biodegradation potential observed would increase the applicability of these microorganisms for treatment of textile effluents before disposal to appropriate channel.

Keywords: Bacterial species; Bioremediation; Challawa industrial estates; Physicochemical parameters; Textile effluents

     This study explored the valuable components from the different varieties of Roselle (zoborodo) extract, it also focuses on the assessments of the nutritional value of the extract due to its constant utilization as soft drinks in localities to replace conventional soft drinks such as coca cola and similar drinks. Analysis showed that the dried red sample contain 0.08 mg/g reducing sugar while the dried white sample showed 0.098 mg/g as compared to fresh red sample that showed 0.096 mg/g, but fresh white sample has only 0.081 mg/g. Organic acids of the extract showed the dried red and white samples has 15.5 mg/g and 15.25 mg/g ascorbic acid, and the fresh red and fresh white showed 14.3 mg/g and 14.0 mg/g of ascorbic acids respectively. Citric acid content of dried red showed 1.88 mg/g > 0.58 mg/g dried white samples. Tartaric acid of dried red sample showed 2.0 mg/g > 0.88 mg/g in dried white samples. Other component such as pectin showed that both fresh red and dried red samples have the same values of 0.6mg/g > fresh white 0.58mg/g > dried white sample with 0.40mg/g. Tartaric acid showed 2.0 mg/g and 0.67 mg/g for dried red and dried white samples, while citric acid values of dried red and dried white showed 1.88mg/g and 0.58mg/g accordingly. This study indicated that the values of ascorbic acid, citric acids and other essentials components of Roselle extract are within the recommended food supplements for body metabolism and it should be utilized as common drinks.

Keywords: Roselle; Organic acids; Reducing sugar; Tartaric acid; Ascorbic acid; Pectin

     The rearing performance of different eco-races of eri silkworm were undertaken in Sidama region during 2018 to 2021). In this experiment Eri Marked, Eri Green, Eri 3.4 and eri yellow was analyzed by the following parameters viz. hatching (%), larval weight (g), larval duration and total life cycle (d), larva weight, single cocoon weight (SCW) , larva survivability and disease incidence. Thus, different silkworm strains showed statistical significant silkworm characteristic ranges in different locations which include egg hatchability (62.61% to 89.00%), larval duration (20.67days to 25.83 days), total life cycle duration (50.49 days to 74.00 days), single weight of larva (4.427 grams to 8.155 grams), effective rate of rearing (60.11% to 93.67%), single cocoon weight (1.848 grams to 2.903 grams), single shell weight (0.251 grams to 0.418 grams) and silk ratio (13.06 to 15.05%). However, a Vietnamese eri silkworm strain known by Eri-3.4 have showed an outstanding performance compared to other strains in all the locations especially in cocoon parameters. Therefore, it is recommended for future research and development efforts on eri silkworms in Ethiopia.

Keywords: Eri silkworm strains; rearing performance; cocoon

     The indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) system has been developed by the people based on their experiences and continuous improvement through informal experimentation over centuries. These ITK are interwoven and assimilated in the cultural life of the people. The integration of Rural People's Knowledge with research and extension system is advocated, as neither of them is capable of solving many micro level problems in a cost-effective way. In Tamil Nadu, the southern most state of India, many of the worthful traditional agricultural Knowledge are still practiced by the farmers.

     The knowledge of traditional agriculture not only be documented, but also be encouraged and helped to take rightful place in the context of modern knowledge. The study was carried out in Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu. It aimed to document the ITK in the study area with 120 paddy farmers. The study documented the various ITKs of paddy cultivation from the selection of seeds, seed treatment, nursery preparation, main field preparation, irrigation, weed management, nutrient management, and pest management. ITKs have been recorded and their rationality was assessed by discussed with the Scientist of specialization.

Keywords: Indigenous Knowledge; Traditional Knowledge; Paddy; Tamil Nadu; Rationality

     Sustainable development is the ability to make developments sustainable. The definition of sustainable development is to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The concept of sustainable development is based on three pillars; Social Sustainability which includes people and culture; Economic Sustainability; which includes technology and the financial sector and Environmental Sustainability which involves the earth and the ecosystem.

     Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a branch of Machine Learning (ML) that primarily aims to reduce the distance between human and machine capabilities. We focus on designing and building applications and systems in a way that allows an easy intersection between computers and natural languages developed for human use. NLP has been used in several areas within artificial intelligence (AI) and data processing application such as social media, translation, summarization, and medical applications. In fact, in the last decades, it has been exhaustively used in current technology to support spam email privacy, personal voice assistants language, translation application, and big data management. Although the medical field is one of the richest in terms of big unstructured data it has not been well invested so far. The analysis of medical data such as patient reports, doctor notes, patient demography details, lab test results, and previous medical history can be effectively examined through NLP. It can improve the treatment and patient service within a reasonable cost and time. NLP helps to train a machine to convert unstructured data into structured and can suggest a decision in the diagnosis process [1].

     Islet autoantibodies, Islet cell Ab, Islet cell cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ICA), insulin autoantibodies (IAA), glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADA/GAD), insulinoma-associated-2 autoantibodies (IA-2A), and zinc transporter 8 antibodies(ZnT8) are all considered to be diabetes-related autoantibodies to assist in the diagnosis of autoimmune type 1 diabetes and to forecast the onset of type 1 diabetes in close relatives of patients with the disease [1]. It is mainly utilsed when a patient is initially diagnosed with diabetes to help rule out autoimmune diabetes; when a person with non-insulin-treated diabetes has a lot of trouble maintaining glycaemic control (e.g., cannot maintain normal or near-normal blood sugar levels)[2].

WhatsAppitis, a condition caused by the excessive use of the popular instant messaging app, whatsappitis. It defines inflammation of the fluid-filled sheath that surrounds a tendon. Symptoms of tenosynovitis include pain, swelling and difficulty moving the particular joint where the inflammation occurs. Major clinical features are Pain at the radial side of the wrist, Spasms, Tenderness, occasional burning sensation in the hand, Swelling over the thumb side of the wrist, Difficulty gripping with the affected side of the hand, neck pain etc. Nursing fraternity must be made aware of the disease and nursing care that should be provided for the similar cases.

There is little research to improve and remedy of disease or sickness from the standpoints of biophysics. We report collaboration of oriental therapy of acupuncture and instrument using autonomic nervous system (Ryodoraku Autonomic Nervous System), and discuss the skin and figure pressure on tubo in viewpoint of electrodynamics leading to improve cerebral infarction. At the same time, we introduce water to the mechanisms of the electronic signals through skins and tubo, and water possesses the chemical-reducing ability with the pair of proton and electron. The patient of cerebral infarction has improved for walking without stick.

     The concept of green supply chain is fast gaining momentum, because of the environmental concerns. The 6 R’s namely Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Rethink, Refuse, and Repair are securing importance. A new concept of remanufacturing is also coming up Due to limited availability of natural resources, there is constant demand to reduce consumption [1]. The manufacturers are constantly taking account of the environmental concerns while designing supply chains. The green supply chain management (GSCM) primarily emphasizes on reducing the waste generation and reusing the waste. GSCM is “integrating environmental thinking into supply chain management, including product design, material sourcing and selection, manufacturing processes, delivery of the final products to the consumers, and end-of-life management of the product after its useful life” [2].

     Considering the issues of human interaction with the environment, there is often a need to know the permissible limits of impacts under which the natural-technogenic system does not leave a stable permissible state. This applies to the most diverse areas of scientific and practical activity in natural or human-modified environments. For example, in geotechnics - it is necessary to know the limits of static and dynamic loads on soils, resistance to shear and other stresses; in hydrogeology - to additional infiltration feeding of groundwater, pressure gradients; in thermal physics - resistance to temperature effects. That is, it is necessary to assess the permissible limits in a wide variety of areas of physical interactions in the "human - environment" system.

     The need to move away from fossil energy sources has never been so strong. One of the technologies under the spotlight in recent years is certainly that of Fuel Cells (FC). Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC), Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) or Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFC) represent different developing paths of this technology, but they all share a couple of benefits with respect to other energy conversion devices: they have no moving parts and a quite simple working principle. But how can we push forward the development of FCs?

Cow leather, an animal product, is a common material. Despite being robust, it raises moral, social, and environmental concerns. The world is warming up, plant habitats and plant origins are being destroyed, artificial colours have an adverse effect on the environment and human health, and animal products and hair are utilized to make various types of leather and pricey fashionable clothing. Vegan leather, which was produced by recreating leftovers or growing living cells, may be a recent innovation for the manifesto on sustainable fashion. Another biomaterial manufactured without fleshing any animal is environmentally friendly and animal free leather, often known as "vegan leather" or "artificial leather". As an alternative to cow leather or other animal leather, the creation of vegan leather using a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) can be investigated. There is currently few research on the several substrates that can be used to create vegan leather using this process. In order to provide plant-based vegan leather, this paper used a variety of plant-based substrates, including SCOBY and kombucha tea. To sum up, this substance might also be thought of as a potential leather substitute for use in leather accessories like handbags and upper shoe soles.

Business leaders with aptitude for using data intelligibly will be able to perform better post COVID-19 outbreak era. Literature posits that organisations are required to recognize the prudent role data plays in making crucial decisions about strategic directions and ground-breaking decisions for maximising all stakeholders contribution, organisational growth, environmental, social and governance legitimacy. This is particularly pivotal during the time of catastrophic disasters or events that pose potential threats to business continuity and sustainability. While a lot has been researched in relation to Big Data, not much is available in literature regarding Big Qualitative (Qual) Data, and methods of computational approaches for transforming raw big qual data to information pieces that may produce relevant knowledge required for decision-making. This study proposes that informed decision-making will be beneficial to leaders who need to be at the cutting-edge of knowledge production within the dimension of ideation and innovation. The COSTA Technique provides researchers and organisations with real-time technological enablers, using mix-media applications and web-based approaches that provides business intelligence capabilities with high levels of efficiency and integrity to be utilised in decision making.

The proposed approach to Data-Driven Decision-Making applies the capabilities framework that focuses on five key variables in decision-making, such as data governance, data analytics, insights exploitation, performance management and data integration. The final outcome of utilizing the cloud-based COSTA QDA and technique culminates in presentation of methodologies that demonstrates how large volumes of textual data, also known and referred to as “big qualitative data” may be transformed to structured, coherent, meaningful and timely decision-making enablers.

Bimaxillary protrusion is a commonly seen deformity in Asian populations. This condition is characterized by protusive and proclined upper and lower incisors and incompetence of lips, gummy smile, mentalis muscle strain and anterior open bite [1]. This condition poses a serious threat to the aesthetic concern of the patient which is interwined with psychological trauma and social inter-relation disturbances. A Successful treatment depends on the thorough evaluation of the condition, understanding the need and the concern of the patient and providing an appropriate treatment plan. This case report describes correcting a bimaxillary protrusion by treating the upper anteriors with Root Canal Treatment, placing a post and core with change in the angle of inclination and restoring them with a crown & bridge prosthesis.

Dental implants play a very important role in dentistry. A very careful diagnosis and treatment planning must be followed to grant a successful outcome. It must be taken into consideration the challenges of oral cavity and its anatomical structures and in the maxilla, the maxillary sinus is the most important in this situation.

Anxiety and apprehension of the dental pain tends to avoid the dental treatment. As per the particular requirements of the patient, an ambit of local anesthetics drugs is customized to control the dental pain. Hence, gaining a perception of the aspect of local anesthetics and the knowledge to deliver anesthetic injection techniques correctly is an essential prospect of the Oral Surgery curriculum[1]. Every faculty should go through learning module schedule of the subject topics which is given for the SCORE Learning management system [LMS] module [2].

     The organism known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which was responsible for the development of tuberculosis was contagious through the air. Despite substantial efforts, tuberculosis continued to cause threat to the general public. The initial stage of tuberculosis called Latent tuberculosis could be prevented and controlled if being diagnosis early. Over the Years, Medical scientist, researchers and scholars have focused on the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis which has been the principal focused to prevent its spread. The disease have affected many countries including Saudi Arabia. Consequently, the implementation of comprehensive tuberculosis program that takes into account the management of latent tuberculosis infection illnesses among healthcare workers who have been reported to be at a higher risk for active tuberculosis than the general population would be important in curtaining the spread of the diseases. Therefore, the present research review the current diagnosis, treatment, prevention along with the negative medical and financial impact that the disease have on both the individuals and healthcare system. In addition to that, some suggestion and recommendation was provided as how the disease may be halted.

     This study aims to determine the factors associated with the presence of Aedes aegypti larvae in endemic and nonendemic areas of DHF in Biringkanaya District. The type of research used was observational with cross sectional design and through direct observation. The population is all houses in the Village of Pai and Kelurahan Daya. Determination of the sample was carried out by proportional simple random sampling method in order to obtain a sample of 100 houses each. Data analysis was carried out was univariate and bivariate with chi square test. The results showed that the related variables were the actions of PSN in endemic areas (p=0.025), water temperature (p=0.000), house humidity (p=0.000), container conditions (p=0.000) in endemic areas and (p=0.002) in nonendemic areas. Unrelated variables are knowledge (p=0.141) in endemic areas and (p=0.824) in nonendemic areas. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between PSN action, water temperature, house humidity, and container conditions with the presence of larvae in endemic areas, but there is no relationship between respondents’ knowledge in the two regions and the actions of PSN in nonendemis areas.

     In order to find elucidations for intricate healthcare issues, artificial intelligence (AI) is nowadays becoming awidely recognized technique. This editorial focusing on the significance of AI in health care settings especially in nursing field [1]. Innovations in health care like launching of intelligent robots in patient care home settings have great impact in caring of patients. The definition of AI is “Artificial intelligence encompasses the techniques used to teach computers to learn, reason, perceive, infer, communicate, and make decisions similar to or better than humans” [2]. Everywhere, nurses are the major group of health professionals, accounting for approximately 40-50% of the health workforce.

     Manufacturing components and parts for a specific application are generally fabricated by traditional methods followed by industrial standards. With the modern era of machining components new materials, composites and alloys have also been developed for particular applications having desirable and required properties. Boron steel is one such material being used in manufacturing industries for agricultural spades, knives, blades, etc. in its raw form. In the present work, boron steel's properties and chemical composition have been compared when it is heat treated. It was observed that the working life span has been increased effectively and efficiently. This has also been verified using ANSYS.

     Bird's nest is a common defect in transmission line, which seriously affects the safe and stable operation of the line. This paper presents a method of bird's nest hazard level identification based on improved yolov5 and location constraints, which solves the problem of bird's nest multiple identification and hazard level classification. We integrate GhostModule and efficient channel attention (ECA) to design a lightweight attention mechanism convolution module (LAMCM). The original yolov5 is improved by using LAMCM and adding a prediction head, which improves the detection ability of small targets and alleviates the negative impact of scale violence. We only identify the bird's nest on the panorama of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) patrol, and classify the hazard level of the bird's nest according to the location constraints of the bird's nest and insulator. Experiments on coco dataset and self built transmission line dataset (TL) show that our algorithm is superior to other commonly used algorithms. On the COCO dataset, our algorithm achieved 49.1% AP at a real-time speed of ~79FPS on Tesla V100. On the TL dataset, the recognition effect of our algorithm on towers, insulators and bird nests has improved to varying degrees compared with the original yolov5. In particular, the recall rate of bird nest identification for three hazard levels has increased by more than 3%. The average recall rate of bird nest hazard level identification is 93%, and the average accuracy rate is 93.5%.

     A better understanding of hydraulic fracturing behavior is even more crucial in unconventional plays as more new-well or infill-well are drilled and completed nowadays. Having integrated different sources of information/data such as the general trend of hydraulic fracturing practices during the last 20 years, DFIT and fracturing simulation, core analysis data, outcrops, the Hydraulic Fracturing Test Site (HFTS), and fracturing monitoring in the wells or between wells such as pressure, tracers, DAS, DTS, DSS and so on. After synthesizing all kinds of data and information and applying multidisciplinary fusion ideas to the analysis, we proposed an innovative conceptual model of hydraulic fracturing coming along with some associated concepts; The transdisciplinary integration approach we used in this research follows all fundamental physics law and meticulously logical reasoning and analogy with crossing validation, the first principle thinking epistemologically because of the physics of unconventional fracturing is much more complicated than any single discipline can explain. More often than not, the solution coming from any discipline or data source is not a unique one. The cognition of the morphology or the called fracture pattern of hydraulic fracturing is critical, which is virtually the conceptual model of fracturing. The conceptual model can directly impact the fracturing design and the way to evaluate actual fracturing.

     Using the proposed conceptual model, Fracturing Impact Volume (FIV), one can better explain what fracturing has done for unconventional plays and why it worked. With the proposed conceptual model and tossing aside the fracture network as the fracturing goal, many current fracturing practices can be improved significantly, and the way of production can be revised. This is a significant concept shifting in the unconventional fracturing arena. It is certainly not an easy task, but this paper makes a compelling case. With the FIV model in mind, the perception of “the greater the pumping rate, the higher net frac pressure, the better the fracturing to be” becomes unnecessary or makes little sense. This paper will decode the shale oil/gas flow mechanisms and demonstrate a better way to fracture and produce unconventional resources like shale oil/gas.

The past decade has identified Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) as one of the promising technology for intelligent communication among vehicles. VANET supports the dissemination of safety, warning, and infotainment messages. Today, there is a growing demand for location-specific and infotainment messages among urban travelers. The class of applications that disseminates infotainment messages are called user centric applications. The task of dissemination is expected to be remunerative to promote cooperation among the vehicles. A vehicle that disseminates these user-centric messages earns a reward in the form of an incentive. Generally, the incentive bring in greed with a threat of malicious behavior in the network. Previously, several incentive-based approaches have been proposed that handle malicious behavior and maintain the equilibrium of rewards with the perspective of the Vehicular Network (VN). However, the Reinforcement Learning (RL) paradigm with its intelligent algorithms combined with vehicular networks is capacitated to handle several challenges in the incentive-based approaches. In this paper, we explore how RL environments can be adopted for the rewarding techniques in VANET. The paper concludes with open research challenges in this area.

     Digital orthodontics has been there around a decade, but the recent advancements in technology and the inherent desire of orthodontist to go paperless has dramatically turned the tables in favour of digitalizing the practice. Beginning from the initial patient communication, to record keeping, photographs, radiographs, treatment planning and outcomes, everything under the practice of orthodontics can be digitalized. The heart of any good orthodontic treatment lies in its diagnosis and treatment planning. Incorporation of three-dimensional digital technology for radiographic imaging, 3D reconstruction of face, fabrication of study models, construction of 3D stereolithographic models, prediction of treatment outcome, virtual surgical planning and artificial intelligence has lead to correct diagnosis and better clinical outcomes. All this begins with the collection of digital data and this trend will continue to dominate the practice of orthodontics in coming future.

This research assessed the effects of heavy metals on biological properties of soils in Kano metropolis in view of the fact that the contamination of the soil by toxic heavy metals has become an issue of global concern; more so because information on the effect of heavy metals on biological properties of soils in Kano metropolis is limited and inadequate for promoting the very crucial environmental sustainability and harmony. Field investigation and laboratory analysis were the main sources of generating data for the study. The study area was divided into two locations: effluent-affected and control locations. Each of the locations was divided into 4 grid squares within which samples were collected. The properties investigated include: Microbial biomass carbon, phosphate and urease. The results of the analyses were subjected to statistical analyses using SPSS software and Microsoft excel to undertake t-test of means, ANOVA, correlation and regression at 95% confident limit. The results revealed that all heavy metals were found to be higher in the effluent-affected locations and that rainfall enhanced the dilution and leaching of the heavy metals in the soil, resulting in the low mean values of heavy metals in the wet season.Microbial biomass carbon, phosphatase and urease activities were found to be higher in all the effluent-affected locations as a result of the resistance of soil microbes to heavy metals toxicity coupled with high pH and temperature. Microbial biomass carbon negatively correlated with Cd (r = - 0.54*), phosphatase was negatively correlated with Cd (r = - 0.22) and Ni (r = - 0.09), while urease was negatively correlated with Cd (r = - 0.26*) and Ni (r = - 0.008). The results in general indicate that the determination of the biological properties of the soils reflects the microbial activities in soils and so these properties are considered as soil quality indicators. The study recommends reduction of aerial contamination from industrial operation. Private treatment plant should be established for the treatment of the effluent. The treatment system charge for the cost of treatment and monitoring for compliance are to be by government.

Most people show the interest sunlight for growth of a plant, although it isessential condition, there is nothing to say. And water is not much than light. Here we focus on the water, but not in because of H₂O itself. We are interested in the pico-sized particle similar to an elementary particle after treatment of the smoked charcoals. This report describes the following one that we discussed the August conditions in the last time. The growth of the rice plant in Uonuma location is unique, and the rice yield is in an activated field with smoked charcoals. The harvest is about twice than in the control field. We discuss that the cause is function of chlorophyll, namely water absorbing efficiency by a plant improves because of the small size of water.

Keywords: activation of rice field; growth of rice; rice yield; pico-sized water; chlorophyll function

     In present study, sodium chloride and cadmium Stresses was mitigated by application of salicylic Acid and indole acetic acid in tomato varieties (Lycopersicum esculentum) var., PKM-1 and Udayveer”. NaCl and Cadmium was added to the soil in different concentrations against salicylic acid SA and indole acetic acid IAA. The experiment was conducted in factorial randomized design with 16 treatments and three replications at SHUATS, Prayagraj in rabi season of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018, respectively. In general anthocyanin, ascorbic acid and DPPH radical scavenging activity [DPPH (%)] of tomato varieties were recorded maximum in T₁₅ 2 mM SA + 2 mM IAA and minimum in T₀.

Keywords: Tomato; varieties; cadmium; salinity

Petrol pump fraud is very common nowadays. Many petrol pumps today temper the pumps such that it displays the amount as entered, but in actuality, the quantity of fuel filled in the consumer's tank is much lesser than the displayed value. The pump mans are cheating for the profit. It consists of creating a digital display for the exact volume of fuel contained in the fuel tank. The above-developed fact is considered in the project, and it is found to be an effective solution for digitally indicating the same inlet of fuel in the tank.

Keywords: Petrol Flow Meter; Flow Sensor; Digital Fuel Metering Device

     Water is an essential component of agricultural productivity and is crucial to food security. Twenty percent of all farmed area is used for irrigation agriculture, which generates forty percent of all food produced globally. The productivity of irrigated agriculture is often at least twice that of rain fed agriculture per unit of land, allowing for greater crop diversification and output intensification.

     Competition for water resources is anticipated to increase as a result of population expansion, urbanization, and climate change, with an emphasis on agriculture. By 2050, the world's population is projected to reach over 10 billion, and whether they live in cities or the countryside, they will all require food and fiber to meet their fundamental needs. By 2050, it is predicted that agricultural production will need to increase by roughly 70% due to these factors, as well as the rise in calorie and complex food intake that comes along with economic growth in the developing countries.

     However, the future demand for water across all sectors will necessitate the reallocation of up to 40% of water from lower to higher productivity and employment activities, particularly in areas with a shortage of water. Due to agriculture's significant proportion of water demand, such reallocation is typically anticipated to originate from this sector. Currently, agriculture uses 70% of all freshwater withdrawals worldwide (on average) and much more of "consumptive water usage" because of crop evapotranspiration.

     It will be necessary for water to move both physically and virtually. Changes in the initial distribution of surface and groundwater resources, mostly from agricultural to urban, environmental, and industrial users, can result in the physical movement of water. Water can theoretically travel as well since the production of food, goods, and services that require a lot of water is concentrated in water-abundant regions and traded to water-scarce regions.

     Improvements in water use efficiency and advancements in water delivery systems will also need to go hand in hand with inter-sectoral water re-allocations and large shifts of water away from agriculture. The effectiveness of water utilization in agriculture will also depend on how well main system (off-farm) upgrades are matched with suitable incentives for on-farm expenditures aimed at bettering soil and water management. To implement such options, it will be necessary to upgrade water delivery systems to deliver adequate on-demand service. It will also be necessary to use cutting-edge technologies (such as soil moisture sensors and satellite evapotranspiration measurements) to increase the productivity and efficiency of water use in agriculture.

     It is necessary to completely reevaluate how water is handled in the agricultural sector and how it might be repositioned in the context of overall water resources management and water security in order to address the issues of the future. Furthermore, irrigation and drainage plans, big or little, are notable examples of spatially scattered public works in rural areas. They thus serve as a sensible means of bringing employment possibilities to communities.

Practical challenges for water in agriculture

     Inadequate policies, severe institutional underperformance, and funding constraints are frequently barriers to enhancing water management in agriculture. Important governmental and private entities, such as basin authorities, irrigation agencies, water users' and farmer associations, agricultural and water ministries, typically lack the supportive atmosphere and essential resources to perform their duties.

     For instance, basin authorities frequently have insufficient power to assemble stakeholders and enforce water allocations. Instead of creating options for small-scale private financing and irrigation management, institutions tasked with promoting irrigation sometimes restrict themselves to capital-intensive bigger scale schemes. Additionally, extremely distorted incentive frameworks for water price and agricultural assistance programmes are frequently the response of farmers and their organizations, which further impedes the sector's good advances.

Additionally, the majority of water users and governments do not make sufficient investments in irrigation and drainage (I&D) system upkeep. While insufficient management and operation may contribute to the underwhelming performance of I&D systems, it is particularly the inability to adequately maintain systems that causes their performance to decline and the ensuing requirement for rehabilitation. The industry-wide "build-neglect-rehabilitate-neglect" cycle is a result of the failure to allocate appropriate cash for I&D system upkeep.

     Given the aforementioned limitations, the agricultural water management industry is currently repositioning itself in order to provide modern and sustainable services. It suggests a unique method to managing risks associated with larger social and economic water-related repercussions while also constructing resilient water services and maintaining water supplies. This can be accomplished by improving incentives for innovation, reforms, and accountability. It also supports the management of watersheds and the greening of the industry.

A geometrical problem is to determine the location of the image equidistant from four points that do not coincide in three-dimensional space. A practical example of this problem is to determine the location of the lamp equidistant from four lamps, arbitrarily located in the hall of an art gallery, a sports hall, on a site in a park and other objects. A method has been developed for the graphical determination of the geometrical place of an image equidistant from four points that do not coinciding in three-dimensional space. A methodology for the graphical solution of engineering geometric problems is proposed.

     The Yellow River has a famous tributary called the Wei River, the Wei River has a famous tributary called the Jing River, and the Jing River has a less famous tributary called the Malian River; Not far from the place where the Malian River flows into the Jing River, a bridge was built in the sixties of the last century, and one end of the bridge connects to Changwu County in Shaanxi Province, the other end of the bridge is connected to the Qingyang area of Gansu Province, so the bridge was named Changqing Bridge; From here, tracing the Malian River up, you can find an old county town called Qingyang County and now called Qingcheng County, this The old county town is lifted by two rivers, east and west, on a high loess terrace; Although this is a small county town, it is a historical city that can be counted in the country, how long the history of ancient China is, how long the history of this county town is, and the historical story of this city cannot be told for three days and three nights; The small river that protects this city in the east has a poetic name "Rouyuan River", and if you go up the Rouyuan River, you can meet a smaller county seat It is Huachi County; Not far from the county seat of Huachi there is a small village called Zhaogoumen The village met a drilling team in 1970 of the last century, and the drilling team with the number 1858 made a hole there The well for exploring for oil, the name of the well is Keisanjing; On August 7 of that year, I saw the industrial oil flow, which was a groundbreaking event in Qingyang, Longdong, people From this, it is known that there is oil hidden in the depths of Qingyang. At that time, the country's economic construction, especially war readiness, urgently needed a large amount of oil, and Qingyang happened to discover oil, a great happy event Yikes! The Central Military Commission of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have attached great importance to this great happy event, and the State Council and the Central Military Commission have jointly issued it Document No. 81 1970 entrusted the glorious task of exploiting the oil here The leading organ organized by the Lanzhou Military Region and set up in Lanzhou marched all the way east and then east, until the place where the bridge was built, and then set up camp. Because the name of the bridge is Changqing Bridge, the leading organ that has set up camp here has taken them on a mission That is, the oilfield that was developed and built was named Changqing Oilfield. Who would have imagined that fifty years later, this oil field that was discovered from that well and named after that bridge, It has become a world-class oilfield with an annual output of 60 million tons.

The progress and status of information design at home and abroad is comparative analysis. Based on the Web of Science and CNKI databases, the relevant documents of foreign and domestic information design were obtained as data resources, and bibliometric analysis methods and content analysis methods were used to draw knowledge maps combined with the visualization functions of VOSviewer and CiteSpace software, and systematically analyzed the distribution of cooperation networks. Three aspects of hot topic distribution and time zone evolution analysis reflect the research status of this field. The research hotspots and trends in the field of information design at home and abroad are different. The foreign research in this field is earlier, the research institutions are closely connected, the research content is more detailed, and the human-oriented concept of information is concerned; the domestic research in this field is relatively late, there is a lack of connection between research institutions, and the research content is relatively scattered, focusing on the technology and method research of information design. The research in the field of information design in China should return to the human-oriented concept of metacognition, start from the information ontology, establish a research chain to explore human needs, and at the same time promote the research on intelligent information dissemination, and use innovative thinking to reconstruct more complex information problems. More detailed cross-cutting research, to establish rich information design context logic, to meet the more specific information needs of users.

Saudi Arabia has the second-highest rate of diabetes in the Middle East and the seventh-highest rate overall, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). As a result, Saudi Arabia is now ranked seventh in the world. Pre-diabetes affects an additional million Saudis, and it is believed that more than 7 million people worldwide actually have diabetes. It's arguably even more worrisome that diabetes has been on the rise in Saudi Arabia over the past few years. In fact, throughout the last three time periods, the rate of diabetes cases in Saudi Arabia has increased by a factor of about 10. Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been related to increased mortality, morbidity, vascular problems, poor overall health, and a lower quality of life. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia is increasing at an alarming rate, making it a leading cause of several health problems and even death. The study, especially its incidence, prevalence, and socio-demographic factors, has been grossly inadequate compared to that conducted in industrialized nations. Without a comprehensive epidemic management program in place, with a strong focus on supporting a healthy diet, which includes exercise an active life, and weight control, the health burden caused by DM in Saudi Arabia is expected to increase to catastrophic proportions. A multidisciplinary strategy is required to properly manage diabetes in Saudi Arabia. Everything you need to know about DM in Saudi Arabia is included in this in-depth study. In this study, we examine the current diabetes epidemic and the detrimental consequences that diabetes complications have on both individuals and the healthcare system. In addition, the report suggests potential interventions to halt the pandemic.

     The anti-Bcl-2 therapy by the drugs like ABT‑263, ABT‑737, and ABT‑199 have been a hit in treating Leukemia. Similar success has also been reported for the treatment of Leukemia by monoclonal antibodies. Hence a certain study combined the anti-Bcl-2 therapy with antibody therapy in treating a particular Leukemia, the Double-hit Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DHL). The DHL cells overexpress Bcl-2 proteins. Hence the drug Venetoclax (ABT-199), which inhibits the anti-apoptotic activity of Bcl-2 proteins only, has been combined with either the Rituximab (anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody) or the Daratumumab (anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody) in treating the DHL cell lines CARNAVAL (CD20+) or WILL-2 (CD20-/CD38+). I analyze in depth the above work and draw fresh conclusions which the authors of the above work have not drawn themselves. Particularly I show in my work that it is the ABT-199/Bcl-2/Antibody/Antigen Complex which increases Antibody-dependent Cellular Phagocytosis in the combined ABT-199/Antibody therapy against DHL cells when compared with the Antibody-only therapy against DHL cells. This conclusion is currently of academic interest, but holds promise to improve treatments of B-cell malignancies with more fertile research in future.

Keywords: Apoptosis; Monoclonal Antibody; BH3 sub-structure; Bcl-2 protein; Rituximab; Daratumumab

     From the onset of the viral outbreak in Wuhan City (China) in December 2019 and, declared as a pandemic in March 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO), COVID-19 brought many losses and misfortunes [1-3].

     Several diseases and conditions associated with and resulting from coronavirus infection were constantly observed. Various signs and symptoms such as headache, impaired consciousness, confusion, dizziness, sore throat, congestion, coryza, nausea or vomiting, diarrhoea were and still are quite frequent [1-3].

     Stomatological and otorhinolaryngological alterations have been also described, particularly those related to smell (hyposmia and anosmia) and taste (hypogeusia and ageusia) [1-3]. Salty taste has been reported in 19 patients contaminated by coronavirus, independently of diet and consumption of salty foods, as well as the use of toothpaste or mouth rinses or habits such as smoking [2].

     For years we have been viewers of the extensive burden of Dental Caries in our populations. From global to local, this disease is considered a public health problem that significantly impacts the quality of life of societies, communities, families, and individuals. This health problem affects children worldwide and represents a significant challenge for health systems. Moreover, the most critical risk is socially disadvantaged communities with extensive health inequities and poor social determinants.

     Damaging consequences by severe dental caries go beyond the local physical impact on the tooth surface. It is well known that chronic pain, infections, and tooth extraction are inevitable consequences of disease progression. However, the opening scope of the problem should expand our diagnostics and assessment to understand the other areas that are also being highly affected.

Today the world is rapidly progressing towards digitalization. Humans have re-formed intelligence for better human decision making and to relieve themselves of the stupendous workload. Artificial intelligence can act as a supplementary tool to improve life. Every sphere of the world has adopted the artificial intelligence with great enthusiasm. Artificial intelligence has changed the horizons of medical and dental field too. It has enormous fields of application which have made dentistry to reach another level. However, this advancement in technology is still at budding stage. There is a need for the dentists to be mindful about its implications for a worthwhile clinical practice in near future. This article is an attempt to highlight the role of artificial intelligence in dentistry.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Dentistry; Applications

Warthin’s tumour is a benign salivary gland neoplasm commonly incriminating parotid gland. Tumefaction enunciates cystic configurations coated with a dual epithelial cell layer with subjacent dense, lymphoid stroma. Additionally designated as papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum papilliferum or adenolymphoma, Warthin’s tumour is frequently expounded and follows pleomorphic adenoma in frequency. Generally, Warthin’s tumour occurs due to incorporation of lymphoid tissue within the parotid gland. Alternatively, inflammatory infiltrate may induce cystic and oncocytic modifications within pertinent salivary gland. Neoplasm may be concordant with tubercular infection induced by Brucella mellitensi [1, 2]. Warthin’s tumour is a non clonal, diploid neoplasm. However, neoplasms concurrent with muco-epidermoid carcinoma appear associated with chromosomal translocation t(11;19) and fusion transcript of CRTC1/MAML2 genes. Besides, deoxy-ribonuclease (DNA) of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) may accompany Warthin’s tumour [1, 2].

Research suggests that online teaching has emerged as a crucial field of study in virtual education. The central aim of online teaching implies integration of new electronic devices and technologies in such a way so that it meets the goals of the curriculum and student learning environment without affecting the active learning in both online and offline mode. Many effective teaching methods are practiced by the educators to deliver the course online during class hours and outside class. In this paper, we present student’s response in promoting self-learning and collaborative-learning approaches. To achieve this, proper implementation and structuring of course modules, usage of appropriate software’s, proper organisation of learning aids are considered to meet the competency needs of students that supports to enhance their self-learning abilities. Student evaluation during class hours enables educators to analyse effectiveness of teaching in online classes. The results of this approach is evaluated by collecting student’s response.

Keywords: Virtual learning strategies, e-learning, peer learning.

In an era of rapid advances in information technology, augmented reality is becoming increasingly evident as a new technological medium for creating interesting learning experiences for the children's education sector. It uses computer-generated 3D information to embed virtual objects into the physical environment, providing children with an interactive, immersive, virtual-real environment, and it is one of the powerful tools for arousing children's interest in learning and enhancing their cognitive abilities. In this paper, we develop a museum learning service based on a PBL (play-based learning) model that combines AR technology, children's games and museum learning. The practice was eventually implemented in the Chinese Geological Museum.

Keywords: Augmented Reality; Learning based on games; Museum learning

With the rapid development of new generation of information technologies such as big data, cloud computing and the Internet of Things, the traditional government governance model has been unable to effectively cope with the changing social environment and new challenges. The development of big data has made significant progress and breakthroughs in government’s modern governance ability, which has become a new path of government data governance. The construction of smart government and the realization of smart government governance model are based on the rule of law as the basic guarantee, big data and other science and technology as the basic conditions, and smart decision-making as the core to build a dynamic network collaborative governance mechanism among government, market and society, so as to realize the efficient governance mode of smart government and promote the modernization of government governance ability. Starting from the construction of smart government, this paper mainly analyzes the mode concept, challenges and countermeasures of smart government construction in the era of big data.

Keywords: Data Sharing; Smart Cities; Rule of Law Government

     Within a year, 4 papers were published on the Medicon platform, and the article numbers were respectively MCET02012, MCET02023, M CET03073 and MCET03074. Is this an easy thing to do, or is it a little difficult, a little weight, a little capital can be enough for friends what about a thing that friends show off? This is a question that is best answered now.

Objective: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common public health concern among women worldwide which can have an adverse effect on the quality of life (QoL). This study sought to explore the effectiveness of behavioral counseling in improving the QoL of Omani women with UI. Methods: This cross-sectional interventional study was performed between July 1st, 2019, and July 30th, 2020 at the Al Mabila Health Center, a primary health care (PHC) center in Muscat, Oman. A total of 20adult Omani women who screened positive for UI using a modified 4-item version of the Short-Form Urinary Distress Inventory were recruited. Four separate 40-60-minute counseling sessions were conducted over the 12-month study period, focusing on lifestyle modifications, bladder training, and Kegel exercises. A validated Arabic version of the 7-item Incontinence Impact Questionnaire was used to determine the pre-post intervention impact of UI on general QoL as well as four specific domains of living (ability to perform daily prayers, physical activities, social life, and mental health). Results: The behavioral counseling sessions had a significant positive impact on overall QoL (t19 = 12.03; p<0.001) as well as all four domains of living, including ability to perform daily prayers (t19 = 6.30; p<0.001), daily physical activities (t19=7.51; p<0.001), social life (t19=9.38; p<0.001), and mental health (t19= 18.38; p<0.001). Conclusions: This study provides evidence to support the impact of behavioral counseling in tackling UI as a public health concern in Oman. These findings may help to form the basis for implementing cost-effective health education and counseling programs at PHC centers in Oman in order to improve women’s QoL and other metrics of community health.

Bivalves are known for bioaccumulation of environmental contaminants and hence they can be used as good bioindicators of heavy metal contamination in coastal areas. This ability is due to their sessile lifestyle, resistance to high accumulation of chemicals and ease of sampling. Kochi is a coastal area in the south west of Kerala. Kochi backwaters are part of the Vembanad lake which support a large production of bivalves. The samples for the study were collected from five different locations which are part of Kochi backwaters. Villorita cyprinoides (black clam) and Mytella strigata (an invasive mussel) are the two species used for the study. The analysis of Heavy metals was done with the help of EDXRF spectroscopy and was carried out in BARC. The study revealed the presence of four heavy metals (As, Pb, Zn, Cd) in both M. strigata and V. cyprinoides. The concentration of heavy metals is more prominent in M. strigata than V. cyprinoides. The results of this study enabled to conclude that both V. cyprinoides and M. strigata possess the ability for bioaccumulation of heavy metals from the surrounding. It is found that the heavy metal concentrations are above the safe limits which indicate that bivalves from the Kochi backwaters are not safe and suitable for consumption. Prolonged exposure may result in health issues in humans.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinico-radiological syndrome characterized by a headache, seizures, altered mental status and visual loss and characterized by white matter vasogenic edema affecting the posterior occipital and parietal lobes of the brain predominantly [1].
We present here a young woman with altered sensorium, generalised tonic-clonic seizures in postpartum stage after massive blood transfusion. Reversibility of the symptoms and characteristic imaging findings led us to a diagnosis of PRES in our patient.

Overeducation is a frequently discussed term in the neoclassical conventional view of the labour market. According to this perspective, overeducation resulted from a temporary disequilibrium in labour markets. People are rational participants in the labour market; they opt to overeducate themselves in order to signal their ability, obtain experience and subsequently advance to better jobs. However, behavioural economics rose to prominence due to its distinctive contributions to the study of human behaviour and its challenges to the rationality assumption. In light of concepts such as fairness, loss aversion and hyperbolic discounting models, many long-held neoclassical assumptions are challenged or perhaps need to be reconsidered. This study intends to contribute to the overeducation literature by explaining the phenomena as a kind of labour market stratification that disadvantages overeducated employees relative to others with the same educational level engaged in a well-matched job.

India has one of the largest road networks in the world comprising about 5.5 million kilometers as of April 2018 (MoRTH, 2018). During the previous few years, there has been an enormous growth in the development of the road network due to which connectivity between cities, towns, and villages in the country has improved. Indian road infrastructure is undergoing phenomenal growth and will continue to grow at higher rates in coming years too. In most cases, flexible pavements are being constructed at a rapid pace due to the advantages they provide over rigid pavements. The flexible pavements can be strengthened with the increasing amount of traffic at a later stage and are less expensive in regards to initial cost and maintenance. With the increase in traffic volume and climatic variations, the damage is being caused to the roads. It has been observed that the roads start developing cracks after the initial few years which further progress into a pothole and later a distressed patch is formed. Another factor is the poor-quality control during construction which renders the road unserviceable before its design life. Therefore, we must come up with a different approach to the improvement of pavements.

A trial was conducted to evaluate different height support structures on agronomic and seed yield attributes of Lablab purpureus accessions in Hawassa Zuria Woreda of Sidama region. Three L. purpureus accessions (L. purpureus 147, 11609 and 6529) and three support structures with different height (0, 100 and 150 cm height) in three time replication were used in randomized complete block design. Support structures height (SS) had significant effect on plant height (PH)), number of branches per plant (NBPP), forage dry matter yield (DMY)), and seed yield (SY) at (P < 0.05). 1.5 m height support structure had significantly influenced all the measured parameter as higher plant height, number of branches per plant, dry matter yield and seed yield in regardless of accession. Similarly, variation in accession had shown significant effect at (P < 0.05) on plant height, number of branches per plant, dry matter yield, and seed yield. The interaction effect of support structures and different accessions was non-significant at (P < 0.05) in all measured parameters and this indicates that performance of the different accessions was stable in all height levels, there is increase in all measured value as heightof support structure increases. Therefore, it can be suggested that it would be better to use best adapted forage species with increased height of support structure. From the three evaluated L. purpureus accessions L. purpureus (147) at the height of 1.5 m support structure produced higher dry matter and seed yield. The support structures could be agroforestry trees, stand tree, stick structures that could be easily accessible and least cost. So, that it can be recommended for unemployed youths who involved in lablab seed production could be profited by using 1.5 m high support structure and accession 147.

In summer, termites are collected for Identify and assess colony distribution. Collections are direct from a visible gallery or use a trap with ethanol. Soldier for pattern recognition and DNA extraction. Morphological identification according to existing literature. Species differences were assessed by measuring 20 characters/index and statistics. Based on these features, we generated a keyword and distribution map of the genus Termites. Research area. This is the first record of Odontotermesassmuthi and Odontotermesobesus of the three Regions, the first record of Odontotermes parvidens in the Buner and Swabi regions, and the first Records of Odontotermeshorai of Haripur. We then used the barcode of mtDNA COII to Validation of species assignment and phylogenetic analysis of colonies using Neighbor-Joining maximum likelihood analysis.

The study was carried out in the vegetable field of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering/College of Agriculture and Forestry/University of Mosul during the agricultural season spring 2021, to study the effect of spraying with boron and phosphate fertilization on flowering and seed production of two dry white bean varieties Phaseolus vulgaris L. Using two cultivars (Argentine, Iranian), and boron as boric acid (0, 25 and 50 mg.l^-1 boron) and three levels of phosphate fertilizer as P2O5 (0, 20 and 40 kg.ha.^-1). The result indicated that Iranian cultivar was superior than Argentine in seed diameter (cm) and weight of 100 seeds. While the Argentine cultivar was significantly variable than Iranian in number of pods/plant, average weight of pod, number of seed per pod, seed length, number of seeds per plant, seeds weight per plant and seeds yield kg/ha.^-1, while boron at 25mg.l^-1 gave a high significant value in number of pod per plant, number of seeds per plant, in other hands the concentration of boron at 50 mg.l^-1 was significantly in average weight of pod, weight of 100 seeds, The interaction between cultivars argentine and 25 and 50 mg.l-1 boron caused significantly variability in pod number per plant, dry weight of pod, seeds number per pod, seed length , seeds number per plant seeds weight per plant and total seeds yield per ha. While interaction between argentine varieties and 20 and 40 kg/ha. of P₂O₅ was superiors in most traits. The interaction between boron at 50 mg/l. and 20 kg/ha. P₂O₅ gave significant value for number of pod per plant, pod weight, seeds weight/plant and total seeds yield/ha.

Agriculture is becoming increasingly important worldwide because of food-supply crises, drought, and floods. Meanwhile, some countries lack even drinking water. We must discuss the effects of water as another theme in science and engineering. First, our developed water is the dissociated hydrogen bond water resulting in the water size of a picometer order. And our purposes are cleaning a pond and moat around the living area using the activated goods like a boat, etc., with our developed water. Another point, the purpose is that we report the growth of rice using the activated stainless steel with our water. Furthermore, we introduce reduction of radioactivity in the rice using the activated rope and plastic piles, then discuss radioactivity change depending on the cooking method of the rice. And we report the mechanisms of how materials can be activated using our water.

Biogeological indicators have always been used in the mineral exploration. They may be classified into geobotanical and Geozoological indicators. Geozoological methods of mineral exploration, involve the use of animals, either directly or indirectly, while geobotanical indicators involve the typical clues through the study of plants.

In past as well, dogs have been used as mineral sniffers. Important clues and indications have been revealed through the biogeochemical analyses of honey combs, termite mounds, fishes other animals. In the field of Oil Exploration, most vital tool is the study of microfossils in the ocean beds.

Southern Bastar Region, Chhattisgarh, India has a huge potential of diamond mineralization, within the kimberlite and lamproite dykes of the Proterozoic age. Diamond exploration in the region is being carried out extensively with the help of both conventional and non-conventional methods of exploration. Apart from the conventional Geophysical and Geochemical methods, unconventional methods of using Etymological, Pedogenic & Biogeochemical Indicators and Geozoological Indicators are also applied.

The positive geochemical indicators include positive topographic indicators such as yellow and blue ground, presence of heavy mineral Pyrope, Ilmenite, Diopside, and 20-40 times enrichment of Ni, Cr, V, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ti and Ta. Positive Geophysical indicators include higher radioactivity due to Zr, Nb, Sr, Th and U and large positive Gravity anomaly.

The biological indicators play an important role in the location of kimberlite pipes in the region. These pipes are marked by the positive plant growth of abnormally higher size. This would have resulted due to higher content of K.P and Ti in the pipe rocks beneath, which act as nutrients. Similar pattern of plant growth have been found in the Hinota and Kimberly pipes as well.

Interestingly, many Geozoological indicators such as Termite Mounds and Fox holes have been helpful in discovery of similar kimberlite pipes in Orpha, Botswana and Mir, Russia, respectively. In Kimberly, Australia, studies have revealed that count of a bacteria “Bacillus cereus” has been found to be abnormally high in the vicinity of the kimberlite pipes.

Further intense investigations and research of the “biogeological indicators”, along the same line, may lead to better understanding of more diamondiferous horizons in the region.

Forensic DNA analysis is frequently deployed in criminal investigations to discover illicit conduct. On the other hand, forensic DNA analysis is also utilized in civil procedures to determine the paternity of progeny over which there is a dispute. However, in addition to situations of inheritance, guardianship, maintenance, and validity, it may also be necessary to determine paternity in cases of adultery or fornication, as well as in cases of contested paternity arising out of divorce proceedings or questioned legality. Even if the child’s validity isn’t questioned, this is true. In a scenario in which the mother of the child feels that another person is to blame for her pregnancy, the objective of these investigations is to identify the guy who is the child’s biological father.

Biomedical waste (BMW) is a health and environmental problem. Also, a study was conducted to develop a biomedical waste management system whose implementation will improve public health, while respecting environmental, technical and socio-cultural concerns. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study which took place from January 16 to 31, 2021. Biomedical waste, in the same way as household or other type waste, is experiencing an ever-increasing production in all countries and their dangers increase in proportion to the quantity produced. Proper management of this type of waste, with a view to disposal that minimizes the risks to health and the environment, represents a high cost, which accentuates the problems in developing countries. However, the lack of means should not be used as an excuse for inaction and the health situation relating to biomedical waste could progress positively with a better awareness of local stakeholders and an improvement in their management. Indeed, hospital staff, patients and their families are likely to contract nosocomial diseases, while the general population is exposed to the dangers of DBM when consuming contaminated food, by inhalation, ingestion or through any type of direct or indirect contact with DBMs; this means that legal complaints about it are likely to increase over time.

After the COVID-19 shutdown, there emerged a “new normal” characterised by a combination of in-person and virtual contact. In a case-control study, a few researchers examined how the “new normal” affected people’s sleeping and eating habits compared to before the epidemic. In one research, secondary data may be the most crucial information in another. This occurs when data is utilised more than once, serving as primary data for the first study and secondary data for the second. One thing is constant in a world that changes rapidly: financial professionals must continually endeavour to enhance their abilities to maintain their jobs and advance their careers. When the country was placed under lockdown in March 2020 due to the coronavirus, credit growth halted in nearly every industry. The growth in stressed assets induced by the pandemic is projected to triple the cost of loans from the banking sector in FY21 compared to pre-COVID-19 levels. To address the high number of defaults, banks will need to repair or enhance their internal systems and modify their internal risk and early warning systems based on lessons acquired during the financial crisis. If banks want to ensure the success of their commercial and operational strategies in the future, they must act swiftly. A list of suggestions that might assist banks in preparing for the new normal.

Building-integrated photovoltaic systems (BIPV) currently represent a fundamental concept for the realization of sustainable buildings. However, these systems like any photovoltaic device are endowed with a limited efficiency due to the negative effect of the rise in the temperature of the cells. To limit this inconvenience, a cooling system must be applied. In this study, a suitable geometry was considered based on the temperature distribution in the base system. Indeed, a particular cooling system with a contact surface and a volume of water which increase as the temperature of the photovoltaic cells increases is considered. In addition, the external heat exchange surface of the proposed system is varied, linear and cylindrical based surfaces are studied.Numerical simulations were performed using the CFD package, Ansys. The main attention was focused on the overall system’s temperature and electrical efficiency improvement. Moreover, the gain generated in thermal energy is evaluated. The results revealed that the proposed system allows an important reduction of the PV cell temperature. While the non-cooled BIPV system temperature variation was in the range of 312.5 K - 348.5 K for a solar radiation ranging from 200 W/m² to 1000 W/m², this variation is reduced to small values for the water cooled system, respectively from 301 K to 310.5 K. This reduction in the temperature of the PV cells has directly resulted in an improvement in the photovoltaic efficiency of the system where a minimum average value of 15% has been noted, while the values noted for the uncooled system vary between 12.3% and 14.8% in depending on the incident radiation. Concerning the effect of the external heat exchange surface, the effect was not remarkable on the electrical performance of the system, however, the linear surface-based system proved to be more efficient in terms of thermal production than the cylindrical one. Finally, the effect of the flow rate is also discussed and the results show that for a relatively high value like 0.22 kg/s, a good reduction in the temperature of the PV cells can be achieved while ensuring a significant thermal production.

GaN HEMT is chosen for many high frequency applications such as Power Amplifiers because of its desirable properties. Most semiconductors fail at high frequency applications because of their thermal and bias limitations. It’s very difficult to operate theamplifier at high frequency and high power ratings. The HEMT transistors can operate at high electric fields and high frequencies. The heterojunction structure provides more no of free electrons without any doping which significantly improves the mobility and the current. The heterostructure also blocks the current flow in unwanted directions. This paper explains about GaN HEMT transistor and its practical application as a Power Amplifier. CREE CGH40010F GaN (10 W) device is chosen and developed at the schematic level. The schematic provides 15.5 dB gain and 66% efficiency.

The pancreas has two morphologically and functionally distinct compartments: one comprising the exocrine cells, and the othercomprising the endocrine cells [10]. The exocrine cells are the suppliers of various digestive enzymes to the upper small intestine through pancreatic duct, and the endocrine cells are the suppliers of various pancreatic hormones directly to the blood. Not surprisingly there are two broad divisions of Pancreatic Cancer (PC): the Exocrine Pancreatic Cancer, and the Neuroendocrine Pancreatic Cancer. The Exocrine Pancreatic Cancers are further divided into several sub-types that vary from each other histologically, and in symptoms and prognosis. Of these the Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC), an Exocrine Pancreatic Cancer, is the most common amongst all the reported cases of PC. More than 90% of the PCs are found to be PDACs [12, 7]. From here on the term PC will be used to mean PDAC. PC is one of the deadliest cancers in the world because the PC is mostly detected when the tumor is not removable by surgery, and or the tumor has invaded the other organs of the body [9, 7, 3, 11].

Each drugs undergoes clinical trial phase before introducing into pharmaceutical market. Generally clinical trials involve a small number of patients who take the medicine for a short period. During this phase, patients are carefully selected and followed up very closely under controlled conditions. These initial trials will report only more common adverse drug effects. But the rare and long latency adverse drug effects can be reported only when the medicine is consumed by a large population [1]. In a real-life setting, a larger and more diverse group of patients will take the medicines. They may have co-morbidities and they may be taking other concomitant medicines also. Some less common or rare side effects may only occur once a medicine has been used for a long time or duration by many people. It is therefore vital that the safety of all medicines continues to be monitored while they are in commercial use. Information is continuously collected after the medicine is placed on the market to monitor real-life experiences with the product. The Commission on Human Medicines (CHM) and Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) encourage the reporting of all suspected reactions to newly introduced medicines to the market.

We think the disease not only aging, or gets worse during the aging process like degenerative diseases. Alzheimer’s is a typical one, and there are many diseases not known the causes, or not clear. We must consider not only instrument like X-ray and CT scanning, but also causative agents and its mechanism with biophysics. Here we discuss schizophrenia, clinical depression, and Alzheimer’s. In the viewpoint, we focus on the receptor and neurotransmitter. We regard the amino acids are arginine, dopamine, serotonin, and Gaba as the neurotransmitter and the cause. Furthermore, we propose the treatment of the disease from chemical bonding strength of the substances. The method is to use the water which can reduce the state of neurotransmitter and receptor with the pair of proton and electron in the hydrogen bond dissociated water.

Anaemia during pregnancy is a worldwide problem. Iron deficiency and folate deficiency are considered as two important causes for nutritional anaemia. During pregnancy there is an increase in the iron and folate requirements, therefore, the likelihood of presenting iron and folate deficiency is high, if there is no supplementation during pregnancy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of structured education with telephone support (SETS) on knowledge on anaemia among antenatal women. An Experimental pretest posttest control group design was used for this study in which 100 antenatal women of 20-30 weeks of gestation from antenatal outpatient department of tertiary care hospital were selected using consecutive sampling technique. A structured questionnaire to assess knowledge on anaemia was used. Structured education on first day followed by telephonic support once in 3 days for a period of 3 months for the study group and routine care for the control group was given. The study revealed around 50% of the antenatal women were anaemic and knowledge level improved after structured education with telephone support. Structured Education with Telephone Support had a positive effect on improving knowledge on anaemia among antenatal women. The nurses must conduct periodic analysis of antenatal women’s knowledge on anaemia and adherence to iron folate supplementation and educate them throughout their pregnancy period for their compliance with the medication.

Introduction: Stroke is a major public health problem in the world. In Madagascar, mortality from strokes is still relevant. Evaluating predictors of mortality would allow better treatment.
Methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study of the records of patients admitted to the neurology department during the period January 2015 to December 2019. There have been 1,565 cases of stroke.
Results: The death rate from stroke ranges from 6% to 11%. Demographic characteristics are not predictors of mortality. Clinical features; especially the onset of complications are the predictors of death in stroke. Hemorrhagic stroke was a poor prognosis. Hospital stays of less than 10 days have been associated with mortality in patients with stroke. The NIHSS score has been a good prognostic tool for any type of stroke. For ischemic stroke, an ASPECTS score ≤ 7 was associated with mortality. For hemorrhagic stroke, the ICH score allows a good evaluation of the prognosis of these strokes.
Conclusion: The establishment of a neurovascular unit in the University Hospital JR of Befelatanana would help better manage patients with stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases. National stroke surveys are needed to better identify national priorities.

Paper deals with mental health of Children during lockdown where we are sharing our study-first author’s work, a voluntary organization working in Delhi, on the mental health issues of the school children and field work with school children on mental health narratives in pandemic. It finally concludes in discussion on the myths of our education system, digital divide in gender, DGs and EWS and camp model approach.

Introduction: Infant malnutrition is endemic in Chad. In 2018 in N’Djamena, the prevalence was 13.5%. This study aimed to identify factors influencing Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) in children under 59 months admitted to two Medical Feeding Centre in N’Djamena.
Patients and method: We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study of the files of children aged 6 to 59 months admitted for severe acute malnutrition in two feeding centre in N’Djamena, from September 2019 to February 2020. The files were selected randomly, and the study sample size was calculated using the Schwarz formula. Descriptive and analytical analysis was done using Chi-2 and binary logistic regression; a P value < 0.05 is considered statistically significant.
Results: Age 0-24 months (p = 0.001), breastfeeding mode (p = 0.027), early diarrhoea (p = 0.040), age of weaning (p = 0.013) and diversification (p = 0.034), self-medication (p = 0.047), and use of traditional care (p = 0.020) were significantly associated with SAM. The mother’s age and education level (p = 0.029) are also factors in the occurrence of SAM. Environmental hygiene and especially hand washing before feeding the child (p = 0.007) were significant for the occurrence of SAM.
Conclusion: Factors related to the mother, the child and the environment interact closely to lead to SAM in the child. Only concrete and multidisciplinary actions can overcome this problem.

Monkeypox is a zoonotic viral infection due to monkeypox virus, an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus, known as the very significant orthopox viral infection after the small pox is eradicated. The two distinct genetic clades of the monkeypox virus are the central African (Congo Basin) clade and the West African clade. The 2022 monkeypox outbreak in India is caused by the West African clade of the monkeypox virus [1]. The World Health Organization (WHO) announced it as a public health emergency on July 23 and it is clinically less severe than smallpox. The global cases of monkey pox reported in 2022 outbreak is 63,117 as on 14/09/2022 and in India 14 reported cases [2].

The study is an extract from the researcher’s PHD thesis titled, “Pedagogical Integration of Technology as an enhancement to teaching and learning in Gauteng Public Schools”. The study aimed to explore the degree of the ICT integration within Gauteng Public Schools, the challenges impeding the optimum utilisation of ICT towards curriculum delivery and enabling conditions for ICT rollout in education transformation. Therefore, the study’s objectives were to determine the degree to which individual qualities impact the educator’s preparedness in using ICT for teaching, to ascertain the magnitude preceding ICT skills and computer training affects educators’ preparedness within their teaching environment.

The study was hinged upon a pragmatist paradigm, using mixed methods approach, whereby a case study was chosen as a strategy. The theoretical notation for the study was an inductive simultaneous approach whereby the qualitative dimension was core and quantitate dimension was supplemental. Purposive sampling technique was applied to sample twelve (12) Heads of Departments (HODs) and five (5) senior officials from the Gauteng Department of Education (GDE). Both educators and HODs were selected from public schools in three Gauteng regions: Johannesburg, Tshwane, and Ekurhuleni. Furthermore, a stratified random sampling method was used to obtain feedback from two hundred and ten (210) educators, who were selected from the identified population.

The study findings showed that male educators had a higher and positive attitude towards ICT integration and utilisation in the classroom than their female counterparts. In addition, the study findings revealed that most of the professional development support from the department provided to educators mainly empowers them on how to best utilise information communication technology available, not how to effectively integrate the technology into the curriculum.

The results of this study confirmed that even though resources and training were provided by the GDE, educators were not sufficiently equipped to develop their own approaches that could embrace ICT into the learning process. In most cases, educators were not using technological tools to develop their lesson plans and curriculum delivery. A clear understanding of how educators integrate ICT in teaching is significant to develop and deliver effective educational opportunities to properly prepare learners for higher learning, work, and life in the 21^st century.

Metaverse is a virtual apace where people can enter and interact with other users in a computer-generated surroundings. It is an integrated system of 3-dimensional virtual worlds. These are preferably accessed via a VR headset. Users’ eye movements, their voice commands and feedback controllers are mainly used to navigate around the metaverse. In this way they are able to fully immerse themselves in the virtual world and simulate their presence. With the advent of this new technology, challenges are bound to occur. Most importantly challenges related to security of users need to be dealt with. Every person entering and interacting in the metaverse must be a verified user so that identity frauds do not happen, hence keeping the users safe from malicious attacks. To deal with this issue, we have come up with two features, first, an avatar facial tracking based and second, a chat based. By using NLP and Deep Learning, we were able to 73.77% uniquely identity a person in a WhatsApp chat group with other people. For the facial recognition-based security feature, we have just laid out our theoretical approach. In future, we’re planning to make use of other features as well such as speech pattern recognition, body positioning retrieval, retinal movement tracking, etc. for allowing only authorized users to enter and interact in the metaverse.

About a quarter of a century ago, humanity crossed the millennium mark. Everyone was looking forward to drastic changes. And these changes did not take long; they are already walking across our planet. However, it turned out that it is not all that simple.
First, the changes are related to technology. The scientific discoveries of the previous century served as a theoretical basis for technological advances. A list of the most recent modern discoveries that provide a technological breakthrough for today: space exploration, the creation of computer machines, and the development of global networks. This is far from a complete list [1].

The effect of fertilizers on shoot initiation of ‘Lady Jane’ type Anthuriumandraeanum cv. ‘Lalani’ was studied under net house conditions to produce quality plants for ornamental purposes. The experiment was conducted at the Department of National Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya, using tissue cultured A. andraeanumc v. ‘Lalani’ plants grown on a medium of coconut husk pieces only. Four different fertilizer combinations (T1)5g of granule (N: P: K 11:11:18) +Water soluble (N:P:K 6:30:30) + Organic liquid fertilizer, (T2) 5g of granule (N: P: K 11:11:18) + Water soluble (N:P:K 10:20:40)+ trace elements with chelated technology (liquid), (T3) 5g of granule (N:P:K 13:06:27) + Water soluble (N:P:K 10:20:40)+ trace elements with chelated technology (liquid) and (T4) 5g of granule (N:P:K 13:06:27) + Water soluble (N:P:K 20:20:20) +extracts of the sea plant were tested. The fertilizer combination T2showed best performance for parameters number of new shoots, height of plant and number of leaves. Thus 5g of slow release granule (N:P:K11:11:18) combined with Water soluble (N:P:K 10:20:40) + trace elements with chelated technology was considered the most suitable fertilizer combination for the initiation of shoots of Anthuriumandraeanum cv. ‘Lalani’ under local climatic condition in a net house with 70% shade.

The use of climate smart crops in Zambia is an urgent concern by the government and the private sector, as the weather trends show an increasing low rainfall quantity and length of season, with increased temperatures across the seasons. The use of mutation breeding to create variation among cowpea genotypes for climate smart traits (improved yields, resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses) has resulted in promising lines with potential for use in climate change adaptation, especially among farmers. However, there is limited available information on the performance of the mutants. Evaluation of the mutation derived materials is essential in generating information that will be useful in development of appropriate adaptable varieties with good crop performance. Six genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) for traits; grain yield, days to maturity, biomass, ground cover and resistance to aphids in two seasons. The traits were measured as they are known to contribute highly to grain yield and are correlated to climate change adaptation. The weather data in two seasons were collected from meteorological department of Zambia. LT 4-2-4-1 and LT11-3-3-12 mutants showed increased grain yield, earliness and ground cover, compared to their parental variety, Lutembwe, and a recently released variety Lukusuzi, both used as controls. LT 4-2-4-1 recorded the highest yield of 1506 kg/ha while the parent had 1100kg/ha. The number of days to maturity was least (80) in LT 4-2-4-1 and ground cover was at 4.33 compared to 2.33 for Lutembweparental variety. Varying weather conditions, require the use of more early maturing varieties, therefore, genotypes such as LT 4-2-4-1 should be considered by Seed Control and Certification Institute (SCCI) for pre-release. Additionally, LT 4-2-4-1 and LT11-3-3-12 could be useful as breeding lines for ground cover and earliness in other breeding programs.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how alternative supply chain management practices adopted by leading firms engaged in agro-processing in Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh impact on the performance of the supply chain. We investigate on-going changes in the supply chain using information from leading agro-processing firms and related firms who are also engaged in the agro-processing activities. The information sheds light on how the new supply chain management policies and procedures have affected the cost structures, long-term profitability and organizational viability of the system. The emergence of agro-processing firms over the last decadeor so has profoundly influenced Madhya Pradesh agriculture marketing system, and the trend is expected to continue into the foreseeable future. The efforts of profit-motivated giants to sustain a very competitive market have altered traditional production and marketing channels. Evidence suggests that the firms are competing to adopt a range of supply chain management strategies to offer quality products, a wider choice, reduced wastage, greater value for money and shorter, but more effective supply chains. The impact of agriculture supply chain (here we give special emphasis on agro-processing chain) on global and local supply chains, and its implications for actors in the supply chains have received much attention in recent years. This research study will utilize standard performance measures to compare performance of competing supply chains including Satisfaction of stakeholders, Price performance (profitability), Labour employment, Efficiency (price stability, timely delivery of orders, quality management). Information will be collected though a series of interviews with the appropriate personnel concerned in the agro-processing firms and their supply chain partners.

Natural pasture productivity is reducing due to shrinkage of grazing land in highlands of crop livestock mixed production system; which is aggravated by poor management and misuse of it. The study was conducted in bursa district of Sidama region in 2018 and 2019 cropping season with objective of identifying effects of urea top dressing and grass and legume over-sowing on herbaceous production, species composition improvement of grazing land. Five different treatments were applied as T₁, control, .T₂. over sowing phalaris grass, T₃, over sowing clover, T₄, top dressing 100kg of urea, T₅, top dressing 50 kg urea and over-sowing phalaris. All experimental plots were fenced throughout the study period. There was statistically significant difference at (p≤0.05) among treatments in total dry matter yield; having a DMY of 2.54 tone/ha DM in T₁ followed by 2.32 tone/ha in T₂. There was no statistically significant difference at (p≤0.05) in legume dry matter yield among treatments. Species composition was categorized in dry matter base as grass, legumes and herbs; of these grasses dominated in all experimental plots followed by legumes. Statically significant difference at (p≤0.05) was recorded in year two than year one in all parameters recorded having 1.96 tone/ha and 2.06 tone/ha DM respectively in year one and two. From the identified grass species Setariaverticellata frequently occurred in urea applied plots whereas Trifoliumruppellianum was dominant species in non-urea applied plotsespecially in clover over-sown plots. During field observation, the participants of the grazing land day rated the Urea applied treatment as best because of the high yield of pasture. Finally it could be recommended to top dress urea for increased biomass yield. It would be better to conduct a long-term study to examine the effects of the different treatments on productivity of grazing lands, herbaceous species composition, grazing capacities, livestock and the environment.

In this paper, a thermohydraulic characterisation of a reciprocating room temperature active magnetic regenerator, with gadolinium particles used as a magnetocaloric material and water used as a heat transfer fluid, was numerically carried out. A two-dimensional transient flow model was developed using COMSOL Multiphysics software in order to determine the water flow distribution in two active magnetic regenerators of cross and parallel gadolinium particles distributions for different water inlet velocities of 0.06, 0.08, 0.1 and 0.12 m.s⁻¹. The gadolinium particles have a radius of 1.5 mm and a distance from one another of 0.9 mm. Based on the simulations results of this model, a second two-dimensional transient coupled flow and heat transfer model was then developed using the same software in order to characterise the convective heat transfer in the active magnetic regenerator of cross gadolinium particles distribution for the same water inlet velocities.

In this paper, the moisture loss mechanism in biological tissue of apples was experimentally investigated in order to understand this mechanism and hence to extend their shelf life. An image conversion procedure, based on the use of image processing and AlgoLab Photo Vector softwares, was developed in order to characterise physically the internal porous structure of apples from the core to the skin. Several geometrical and physical parameters of the restructured porous media (porosity, fractal dimension, tortuosity, capillary pressure, permeability) were determined, and a comparison between their trends was carried out and analysed. Besides, a moisture loss model was established and discussed.

Despite serious safety concerns, Calotropisprocera is used for gastrointestinal disorders including constipation, diarrhea and stomach ulcers, even toothache, painful joint, cramps, joint pain and control parasitic infections like worms’ elephantiasis. The subterranean termites Odontotermesobesus is extremely invading wood pests that cause direct economic losses worth billions of dollars throughout the world particularly in humid and subtropic regions. Leaf extract of Calotropisprocera in two solvent hexane
and acetone, is used against workers of subterranean termites, mortality. LC50 and tunneling behavior of termites was observed at different concentration of 3%, 7% and 10% respectively and distilled water applied a control. Two solvent hexane and acetone is used for extraction. Data have been analyzed using software Minitab (version 16) at 5% level.

Research collaboration consists of researchers from various stature, funding status, nations and different organizations. Fundamentally, their collaboration provide mutual understanding, work towards mutually interesting and beneficial research. In today’s globalized environment, research collaboration is the foundation of the majority of studies. High research quality and fruitful collaboration go hand in hand. The foundation of collaborative research must be shared, up front expectations for the caliber of its outcomes. This is required to create a trustworthy research environment where everyone is willing to contribute and can benefit from the findings [1].

Termites are causing drastic economical loss as they attack on building, crops and wooden products. The reason of study was to evaluate the effects of biflex, commonly used pesticides in Pakistan to control the termite’s population. A comprehensive survey of laboratory was conducted using biflex, commonly used pesticide to control termites. The results regarding barrier efficacy of biflex in different soil. The aim of this research was to see how effective Biflex (Bifenthrin) termiticides are against a common termite species in the lab. Soil was taken from various locations and after analysis classified as sandy loam soil (SL) or clay loamy soil (CL). In laboratory bioassays, mortality and LC₅₀ values in treated soil were determined after 8 hours and after one month, depending on soil type and the result showed that Sandy loam soil (SL) are more effective than clay loamy soil (CL). Biflex was shown to be more persistent in both soils. Based on these results and the benefits of specific chemical could be effectively used for effective control of termites.

     The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused and is still causing significant mortality and economic consequences all over the globe. Till date today, there are four U.S Food and Drug administration (FDA) approved vaccines, Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, Janssen and Novavax COVID-19 vaccines. Also, the antiviral drug remdesivir and two combinations of monoclonal antibody treatments are authorized for Emergency use (EUA) in certain patients. Furthermore, baricitinib- immune modulator was approved in Japan (April 23, 2021) for certain hospitalized adults with covid-19. Despite available vaccines and EUA, pharmacological therapy for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 is still highly required. There are several ongoing clinical trials investigating the efficacy of clinically available drugs in treating COVID-19. In this review, latest novel pharmacological agents for the possible treatment of COVID-19 will be discussed.
     COVID-19 vaccine is the most promising strategy to end the current pandemic in addition to anti- viral agents. Design of novel anti-viral agents which are specific for SARS-CoV-2 will provide more effective therapy for COVID-19 patients. Development of effective vaccines and anti-viral drugs both needs multidisciplinary cooperation. Before effective antiviral drugs for COVID-19 are available, current treatment options will come from repurposing drugs. Thus, in this review we aim to highlight potential therapeutic strategies from the viewpoints of clinicians based on updated clinical evidences, and provide a basis for future researches of effective antiviral therapies. In the future, the development of new drugs and vaccines relies on multidisciplinary cooperation among structural biologists, chemists, and medical doctors. A knowledge gap of pharmacology for COVID-19 is expected to be filled up.

It is always said that our continent is never ready for public health events. We weren’t at the time of the last Ebola outbreak in West Africa [1], and we weren’t at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak as well [2]. Despite the events we have experienced, the means invested, we are in an endless restarting. However, we have an obligation to learn from this COVID-19 pandemic, in order to sustainably strengthen our health systems. It is certain that a next public health event will happen, the question is when? Would we be ready? To answer yes, each country will have to implement at least the following ten actions.

Raising the discussion to participate in the evolution of a healthcare system that reflects the complexity and diversity of the modern integrated healthcare system in alignment with the community is well-documented. However, in this precarious hierarchical environment, there are necessary areas for improvement with respect to progressing the medical professional and key stakeholders beyond a paternalistic or traditional-minded practice. Integral to a synergy that will fuel the U.S. and global healthcare markets, this article aims to raise awareness for the audience through evidence-based materials about a paradigm shift in the operative definition of healthcare providers (ie clinical doctors) that has evolved to embrace four instrumental degrees within their respective fields of expertise, the MD, DO, DMSc (PA), and DNP (NP). Essential systematic changes serve to create parity amongst the aforementioned healthcare providers to maximize workplace diversification, inclusion, collaborative care, and professional satisfaction. All of which may translate to improved team dynamics, offset social determinants of health, and ultimately provide greater access to innovative and affordable quality care.

What we want to summarize here is a low permeability oil and gas field. After 50years of polishing, those revolutionary technologies branded with low permeability marks. In terms of its contribution, it is such a technical sequence from one row to six: first, oil and gas exploration technology that infinitely approximates the migration and accumulation law of Ordos hydrocarbon sources; The second is the brand-name, customized and service-oriented drilling fluid completion hydraulic fracturing technology; Third, natural fractures are not developed, and artificially created fracturing technology for low permeability oil and gas reservoirs; Fourth, the advanced water injection and pressure boosting development technology of ultra-low permeability oil fields, which is deficient in nature and then compensated by nature; Fifth, the large-scale cluster well technology that low-permeability oil and gas fields must be developed at low cost; The sixth is the horizontal well technology that allows the longest possible well section to lie flat in the oil and gas reservoir. It is these technologies that have exerted their effects on the low-permeability oil and gas reservoirs, resulting in many changes in the low-permeability oil and gas reservoirs in line with people’s wishes. It is these gratifying changes that converge into a continuous flow of oil and gas in Changqing Oilfield.

Why did this voice come so late for the sound of Kei Mitsui?’ There are some objective reasons for this. On the one hand, the 1858 drilling team that undertook the drilling of the Qingsan well and most of its parties were almost 40 years old from the Changqing Oilfield by the reorganization Years, so the people who know the glorious history of Keimitsui are only a very small minority within the scope of the Changqing Oilfield; On the other hand, the important person who came to Qingsanjing to witness the great achievements of Qingsanjing belonged to the old Red Army veteran revolutionary Wang Xing, who left the oil system after serving as the director of the Military Control Commission of the Ministry of Petroleum for a short time, although this person was a great hero with legendary experience and major contributions, when he was no longer in an important position in the petroleum system, who cared about the fact that he had made a trip from Beijing to the small place of Zhaogoumen in Huachi County, Gansu Province, for an oil well! Of course, Lao Geming quietly came and left quietly, unwilling to add a simple style of reception affairs to the local government, so that his trip to Huachi failed to leave a historical record in the local area, which was also a reason why Qingsanjing’s meritorious name did not jump up at that time. Then, in 1989, the publication of the Changqing Oilfield Chronicle, The Well was mistakenly identified as a well of discovery, and the superposition effect of the historical phenomenon made the name of The Famous Well covered in layer after layer of smoke and dust. Without the eternal perseverance of sitting on the bench for ten years cold and not writing half a sentence in an article, it is very difficult to sort out a relatively clear and clear context for the historical status and significance of the merits of The Founding Father of Kei Mitsui. Penetrating the time and space distance of half a century, it is a major issue to sort out the historical status and significance of Kei Mitsui’s meritorious service. It is necessary to comb through the memories of the parties concerned, to sort them out in reliable historical documents, and to comb through the small place of Zhaogou Gate in Huachi County, the birthplace of Qingsanjing. Who would have thought that this sorting process would take a full twelve years of precious time. What can be comforted is that this mission has finally been completed now.

With the deepening of exploration and development, the natural gas development in Sichuan Basin has entered the stage of tight gas exploitation. There are significant differences between tight gas and conventional natural gas resources, which are embodied in more complex pore structure and lithology. These differences make it difficult to predict the “dessert” development area of tight rocks. Therefore, it is necessary to study the pore structure characteristics, petrophysical characteristics and formation fluid of tight sandstones. In this paper, through CT scanning and thin section identification, the characteristics of rock micro pore structure in Qiulin area are found, and the petrophysical characteristics of tight rock reservoirs are found through P-S wave experiments. The research shows that the pores of Shaximiao Formation in Qiulin area are large, with pore diameter distribution of 0.05~0.5mm and the pores are relatively developed, with an average porosity of more than 10%. The study of rock physical properties shows that dense rock Poisson is higher than conventional carbonate rock and shale, and has the characteristics of low acoustic wave velocity and low Young’s modulus.

This article adopts a method of measuring the hysteresis loop of oriented silicon steel sheet under the excitation of pulse width modulation (PWM) signal. A measurement platform was built on the basis of the traditional Epstein frame method. According to international standards, the length of the equivalent magnetic circuit of the Epstein frame was calculated, and the harmonic control method was used to achieve the measurement of the hysteresis loop of the oriented silicon steel sheet under PWM excitation. Starting from the traditional sinusoidal excitation, this paper measures the variation of the hysteresis loop of the silicon steel sheet under different frequency excitation. On this basis, the waveform control and PWM signal output programming were carried out through the host computer, and the influence of high-order harmonics of different frequencies on the magnetic properties of the oriented silicon steel sheet under PWM excitation was compared. Provide theoretical basis for the design and research of transformer laminated core.

The impact of oral health on the health of all people in the world and the improvement of living standards in recent years has led to increased attention to the factors affecting oral health. One of the important factors in oral health is early monitoring of dental and gingival microcirculation to be used in the diagnosis of many oral diseases in the early stages. Due to the location of the teeth in the oral cavity covered by the gums, direct monitoring of dental and gingival health is a complex task that requires specialized tools to enable routine clinical use in dentistry in a simple, painless, cost-effective and non-invasive. Pulp vitality normally represents the vascular supply of tooth innervated by sensory fibers. Most of pulp sensitivity tests such cold, thermal and electric tests are dependent on the stimulation of nerve fibers with false positive and false negative response in traumatized and necrotic teeth or patients under the influence of drugs or alcohol can lead to unnecessary endodontic procedures. Current therapeutic decisions in dentistry are made using clinical examination, pulp sensitivity tests, and radiography which are practical but not enough to provide a valuable diagnosis information of vascular supply in dental pulp, especially in procedure like root canal. The important of finding a tool to assist in the pulp diagnosis leading to an appropriate treatment planning, this paper is providing a comprehensive review of current pulp testing methods by pulse oximetry and laser Doppler flowmetry.

Rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is a destructive disease in rice. The use of blast-resistant varieties is possibly one of the best economically and environmentally efficient ways to cultivate rice. Four-way crosses between two F₁s were performed from UKMRC2 × Teqing and UKMRC2 × Tetep. A segregating population of 30 4-way F₁ lines and 72 4-way F₄ lines were screened with a set of 51 single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers representing Pi9, Pi5, Pib, Piz, Pita, and Pi54 genes to evaluate the sequence variation. Field blast screening was carried out using six newly identified Malaysian isolates of M. oryzae. Blast disease score of 1 or 2 was observed in 28 4-way F₁ lines and 57 4-way F4 lines. The 4-way F₄ population showed the resistant alleles for Pi54 and Pita. According to Sequenom data, both generated reproducible and aggressive calls. The SNP data revealed nine sequence variants, which showed the presence of two putative haplotype blocks for Pi54 and Pita respectively. Qgene analysis of the 4-way F₄ population showed Pi54 with LOD of 14 (R2 = 56.6%) and Pita with LOD of 14 (R² = 72.4%). Pi54 was mapped to a region of 312 kb on chromosome 11 flanked by SNPs Pi54-3 and Pi54-19 while, Pita was mapped to a region of 175 kb on Chromosome 12 flanked by SNPs Pita-10 and Pita-3. The resistance alleles highlighted in this study can be used in development of rice blast disease resistant varieties having high yield through gene pyramiding.

Just a few days ago former IMF Chief Economist Ken Rogoff predicted that the USA will plunge into recession due to supply shocks from the ongoing war in Ukraine and the inflation crisis adding to it. Also, the World Bank chief, David Malpass had said that the ongoing inflation might last for two years and some countries will find it ‘very hard’ to avoid recession. But what will happen to India due to this catastrophe? We all know that when the US sneezes, the world catches a cold - which means that a recession in the US will leave a cascading effect on other economies like what happened in the aftermath of the 2008 US Housing crisis.

Orthopedic surgery is a vastly evolving field with an increasing number of publications introducing new implants and innovations each year.
Systematic reviews and metanalysis are also booming as it is accepted as the highest level of evidence hierarchy in prestigious orthopedic journal.
Orthopedic surgeons have been challenged by this large number of new publications to appraise this expansion and the increasing number of surgeons depending on systematic reviews as their primary sources. This is not without problems due to the fact that many surgeons do not have formal training in advanced statistics to critically interpret these results. The quality of systematic reviews can only be as good as the primary studies included. There is an increasing concern regarding the low quality of orthopedic primary studies as they may not hold significant clinical applications, which in the end will affect the quality of their systematic reviews and
meta-analysis [1-4].

     For the further implementation of Jinping Xi’s speech spirit, on the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee. China will accurately grasp the characteristics of the Times in the new stage of development while facing “The overall strategy of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the great changes unseen in the world in a century”. China will unswervingly implement the new development concept of “innovation, coordination, green, open and sharing”. China will also speed up the construction of domestic and international dual cycle to promote the new development pattern of each other.
     In particular, we investigated and implemented the target goals and tasks of carbon peak and carbon neutrality set out in the 14th Five-Year Plan. According to the survey, with a population of 1.4 billion and a middle class of 560 million, in 2020,China had 280 million cars and 4.92 million new energy vehicles. In 2021, China had 302 million cars and 7.84 million new energy vehicles. China’s oil industry is 65 percent dependent on foreign investment, and gas-powered vehicles account for one-third of its oil consumption. Among them, Beijing has a permanent population of 21.886 million. In 2021, there were 6.143 million civil vehicles, an increase of 140,000, and 507,000 new energy vehicles, an increase of 107,000.
     According to the 2021 China Urban Transport Report, Beijing’s rush-hour commuter congestion index was 2.04. Beijing’s urban traffic congestion has been normalized. The environmental protection pressure of energy conservation and emission reduction is rather huge for Beijing. Energy consumption, pollution, traffic efficiency, travel safety and other problems are forcing the whole auto industry of Beijing to upgrade. Aiming at these problems, this paper puts forward four suggestions.

The basic needs for the human being to survive are food, clothes and shelter. In addition to these the regime has been broadening as per the demand. There are many desired products which are being manufactured using different processes. One of the essential processing unit is environment itself, where many processes are observed simultaneously. The earth is filled with lots of wonderful resources which are mostly used to support the human ecosystem. However with increase in the global population, the available resources seems to be limited. The conventional processes are utilized to produce the goods and products with monotonous production approach. There are many unsolved issues which might have increased the capacity along with the efficiency of the system. Due to increase in demand of desired products, production houses are running continuously without proper maintenance which hazards to the environment. The major concern is to maintain the demand and supply ratio, irrespective of the production domain. Inline to this, the present article is trying to focus on the hazard mitigation. The development of any process has to pass through several steps. It starts with identification of the resources to obtain the desired product. In addition to this there are several catalysts needs to be considered, for altering the desired or undesired situations.

Background: Several studies have examined the association between physical activity and body size globally. However, few researches has focused on this aspect in Morocco. The objective of this study is therefore to explore the level of physical activity and its association with certain anthropometric indicators of corpulence among Moroccan schoolers of Marrakech city and in the province of Al-Haouz.
Methods: A retrospective survey was performed using a questionnaire to examine PA behavior in 1173 high school students, aged 15 to 19 years. Measurements of the respondents ‘height and weight and body fat percentages using an impedance meter. The PA level was estimated based on the participants’ total daily energy expenditure.
Results: The survey data show that students spend, on average, 4 hours per day in front of a screen and only 63 minutes in a sporting activity and that 25% of students are moderately active while 20% are considered to be sedentary active. Averages of body mass index (BMI) and body fat are much higher in the sedentary group compared to the moderately active group, with differences in mean BMI and body fat respectively of 1.24 kg / m2 (F = 4.8; p = 0.009) and 1.62% (F = 3.79; p = 0.023) in boys, and 1.33 kg / m2 (F = 6.21; p = 0.002) and 2.48 % (F = 3.54; p = 0.03) in girls.
Conclusion: The present study results reveal further evidence of the need to promote physical activity among high school students.

Objective: This study was conducted to assess knowledge and attitude of clinical undergraduate students of physiotherapy in Nigerian universities towards palliative care.
Materials Method: This was a cross sectional survey involving 281 (132 females and 149 males) clinical physiotherapy undergraduates from 10 purposively selected universities across Nigeria. Palliative care knowledge was assessed with a structured questionnaire on palliative care awareness while attitude was assessed using FROMMELT attitude towards care of the dying scale (FATCOD). Both questionnaires were administered online via Google forms. Socio-demographic data of each respondent was also collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Level of significance was set at p<0.05.
Results: Majority of respondents were males (53%), at 400 level (4th year) of study (50.9%), aged 21-25 years (87.9%), Christians (73.7%) and from south-western Nigeria (61.9%). Over 40% are from Obafemi Awolowo University and had above average knowledge (62%). Almost all, (99.6%) of the respondents displayed favourable attitude. There were significant associations between knowledge and university of respondents (p=0.001), attitude and age of respondents (p=0.003), as well as attitude and geopolitical zone of origin of respondents (p=0.006). There was significant correlation between knowledge and attitude of
respondents (r =0.441, p =0.001).
Conclusion: Clinical physiotherapy undergraduates of Nigeria Universities demonstrated above average knowledge, and positive attitudes towards palliative care which indicates better than inadequate basic palliative care knowledge among healthcare undergraduates in other climes. This suggest that Nigeria trained physiotherapists may provide satisfactory palliative care which can be improved with moderate post qualification training on the job in any part of the world. However, the knowledge gaps signify an essential need for inclusion, reform or improvement in palliative care education in the curriculum of undergraduate physiotherapy training in Nigerian universities.

It is now possible to minimise the size and power requirements of electronics devices in the fields of wireless sensors and implantable medical devices (IMDs) thanks to the significant improvement in microelectronic VLSI technology. These IMDs, such as cardioverter defibrillators, cardiac pacemakers, artificial retinas, brain, and bone stimulators, sensors, and cochlear implants, among others, can be placed in human bodies for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The various implantable devices can be used as diagnostic tools to track blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature for a variety of medical conditions, and they can also help with the management of diseases like diabetes (e.g., stimulation of brain and muscles). The pacemaker helps treat irregular heartbeats brought on by sick sinus syndrome or a blocked heart.

India is a country with a very deep and significant history and a grand heritage. Its culture and traditions are very unique, varied and celebrated the world over. Each and every district in the country has its own set of heritage structures, traditions and cultural practices. One of the important facets of our heritage is the palm-leaf manuscripts. Our country is home to more than five million palmleaf manuscripts – the largest collection in the world. The manuscripts cover a variety of subjects - from music, to yoga, languages, art, architecture etc. Their fragile nature makes palm-leaf manuscripts susceptible to damage. It is the duty of our society to safeguard its
culture and heritage and pass it on to the next generation. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) provides us with an array of solutions for data collection, processing and presentation. The use of ICT in the preservation and dissemination of our Culture and Heritage is an area with high potential, and is to be explored in depth, in a domain-specific manner.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), sometimes known as drones, have the highest potential for usage in a variety of applications in the near future. As drone technology advances, these devices will also get more affordable, sophisticated, and useful. An aircraft without a human pilot, flight crew, or passengers is called an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), also referred to as a drone. UAVs were initially created in the 20th century for use in military operations. As control technologies became more affordable and effective, their employment in several non-military applications increased. Devices like transmitters, receivers, and sensors make it possible to control things. It is capable of carrying a lot of weight and flying at vast altitudes. A drone can be used for a variety of tasks, including aerial photography, surveillance, spraying water and pesticides on crops, inspecting fields for water connection leaks, and more.

Presentation at the brige and root of nose sometimes be a nasal glioma. One such case is presented so as to make nasal surgeon, general surgeon aware of this neurosurgical intity.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread around the world. The African continent did not remain. Senegal is one of the most affected African countries and has demonstrated its capacity to manage this outbreak. Our aim is to share the epidemiological aspects of COVID-19 and the strategy put in place during the first 6 months of evolution.
Method: All patients tested COVID-19 positive by RT-PCR were recorded during the first six months of the epidemic: from March 2, 2020 (date of the first case) to September 2, 2020, across the entire national territory. An analysis of the epidemiological data was carried out.
Results: With 13,826 positive cases recorded in six months, the impact was less than expected, with mortality not exceeding 2.08%. All regions of Senegal are affected, with the epicenter in Dakar, the capital. Male predominance is noted in the number of positive cases and deaths. The young population was the most affected with an average age of 41 years. Those over 60 years of age were the most vulnerable, particularly with cardiovascular co-morbidities.

Student’s experiences on the use of online collaborative technology continues to attract attention of researchers in education and social sciences. Of particular interest is the reliance on technological and digital platforms, using web-based strategies during the outbreak of COVID-19 in institutions of learning. This study used an unlinked, anonymous survey to explicate experiences of students on the use of online technologies during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa. Consenting participants constituted a study population that was made up of first year accounting students in a public university in South Africa, drawing a sample of 190 from a population of 371. Using a theory of connectivism, the study found that students were eager and confident that collaborative technology could lead them to pass their examinations even if face-to-face intervention was missing. Collaborative technology consisting of tools such as WhatsApp, Blackboard and Zoom made it easy for them to relate with instructors and faculty who were making efforts to deliver content in a simplified manner. The study further concluded that efforts have to be made to study the benefits of collaborative technology both to learners and faculty at institutions of higher learning. 

Knowledge can be transmitted, facilitated, developed, and produced in a variety of ways through education. As a matter of fact, universities, in particular, are defined in terms of knowledge generation. We shouldn’t be surprised, then, that discussions about decolonizing (Western) education have expanded to encompass provincial zing (Western) epistemology, given the close ties between education and educational institutions and epistemology. This presents a danger as epistemological pathways inform thinking partners and behavioural dynamics of societies. Deconstructive debate that seeks to discuss educational decoloniality from the Global South cannot articulate that with exclusion of southern epistemological position towards reality with the lens of its inhabitants. This is what confronts the post-doctoral scholar of the Global Centre for Academic Research and South Valley University, as independent entities within the Global South. This narrative reflection provides a baseline for a cogent discourse in favour of deconstruction of southern epistemological trajectory in education and social perspectives.

This paper discusses how design games play a role in design anthropology research and serve the operation method of image behavior. By defining the design game in design anthropology, we can solve the following two problems: firstly, pay attention to how to promote group cooperation and help design researchers understand the relationship between image, space and behavior; secondly, this study helps researchers understand the vague role and cultural cognition of stakeholders in participatory design. In addition, this study designs a set of design game cards, through the extraction, collage, and reorganization of film images, and further changes the observation perspective, once again expanding the game to the field of the art design and design anthropology. The ultimate goal of the research is to explore the research methods in the design process and the training of reconstruction logical thinking. In future work, the design education can use game cards as the carrier to reconstruct the cultural cognitive language.

Our simulation is based first, on a qualitative approach for the classification of flows and traffic, and next on an experimental approach for the management of data volume on the other hand. The adopted approaches allowed us to get an idea on a NBWM (Naive Bayes Weighted Multi-class) classifier capable to output differentiated service classes in MPLS (Multiple Protocol Label Switching) networks. The classifiers we compared to our benchmark model were thoroughly processed. The accuracy rate of the proposed NBWM (Naïve Bayes Weighted Multiclass) classifier is about 68.75%, which puts it ahead of the other models encountered.

Engineering geology (Ukrainian: Engineering Geology; German: Ingenieurgeologie; French: Geologie technique, geotechnique; Italian: Geotecnica) is included in the complex of geological sciences. According to the “Mountain Encyclopedia”, this is a science about the structure, properties and dynamics of the geological environment, its rational use and protection during engineering and economic activities. The main tasks of engineering geology: study of the current state and patterns of formation of engineering and geological conditions, predicting their changes in the process of construction and economic activity; engineering and geological substantiation of protective measures ensuring the rational development of the territory, mineral resources and environmental protection.

Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus), belongs to the Cyperaceae family and is also found to be a perennial crop of the same genus as the papyrus plant. It is widely distributed in the temperate zones within south Europe and also grows naturally in Ghana, Nigeria and Sierra Leone. It is known in Nigeria as “Aya” in Hausa, “Ofio” in Yoruba and “AkiHausa” in Igbo. The aim of the study was to investigate the ameliorative effect of tigernut on aluminum chloride induced histopathological changes on the liver of adult wistar rats. The objectives of the study were to induce liver damage in wistar rats using aluminium chloride, and to determine whether tiger nut has ameliorative effect on the histopathological change induced by aluminium chloride on liver of wistar rat. Twenty five wistar rats weighing between 80g and 170g were randomly grouped into five rats each (A, B, C, D and E). After two weeks of acclimatization, group A was administered with normal saline, group B was administered with 500 mg/kg bwt of aluminum chloride, group C was administered with 1250 mg/kg bwt of cyperus esculentus, group D was administered with 500mg/kg of aluminum chloride and 2500mg/kg of cyperus esculentus, group E was administered with 500 mg/kg of aluminum chloride and 3750mg/kg of cyperus esculentus.

After two weeks of administration three rats from each group were sacrificed humanely and the liver of the rats were harvested for histological studies. The results showed that oral administration of aluminum chloride caused histopathological changes manifested with congested central vein, inflammation and fibrosis on the liver tissue, the group treated with cyperus esculentus showed normal histology of the liver, and the group treated with aluminum chloride and cyperus esculentus showed decrease in histopathological changes and partially restored live rtissue. In conclusion aluminum chloride induced histopathological changes on the liver tissues of adult wistar rats was ameliorated using cyperus esculentus with restoration of the degenerative changes which were time-dependent and dose-dependent respectively.

Phytoremediation potentials of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Sunflower (Helianthus amarus) and Fluted pumpkin (Telifaria occidentallis) on spent engine oil polluted texturally contrasting soils was evaluated in the glasshouse belonging to the Department of Soil Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Three texturally contrasting soils: Sandy loam (SL), Loamy sand (LS) and Sandy clay loam (SCL) were potted with a polythene bag and polluted with 10% w/w (122ml/kg), 20% w/w (245ml/kg) and 0% w/w (0ml/kg) of spent engine oil. The experiment was a 3x3x3 factorial replicated thrice in a completely randomized design (CRD). The soil was thoroughly mixed with spent engine oil and allowed to stay for three weeks to allow for proper absorption of the engine oil. Thereafter, air dried crushed and sieved poultry manure was applied to each polythene bag at a rate of 40 t/ha. The spent engine oil- organic manure mixture was watered to field capacity 3 times per week for two weeks after which the crops were sown. Soil samples were collected and analyzed at the end of the study which lasted for 12 weeks, to determine the total hydrocarbon in the soil after planting. The data on soil parameters were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using GENSTAT. The results showed that the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) was higher in the 20% polluted soil as it increases with the level of pollution and was highest in the soil in which pumpkin was planted and least in the soil in which sunflower was planted. The study concluded that Sunflower has better phytoremediation potential for spent engine oil-polluted soils than Sorghum and Fluted pumpkin.

An ethnographic study of folk dentists was conducted in Delhi. Ten case studies of folk dentists and their patients were analysed for various domains of content analysis (CA). Data were collected through mixed method of data collection with some basic research questions guide for the folk dentists and patients during the COVID-19 partial lockdown period in Delhi. The CA for primary cases, secondary cases and for patients was analysed for various domains. Results reveal various aspects of their practices and issues on roadside assets in clinic, health and hygiene, family traditions, pride in work, income/economics, duration of their practices and uncertainties. Similarly, patients were analysed for their views on cheap services, health and hygiene, easily approachable folk experiences and quality of services. The researchers illuminated the policy issues of folk or traditional dentists practicing in a metropolitan city and their patients’ perspectives for their dental public health concerns and have made some recommendations to their salient voice.

Background: The level of satisfaction of students under the Tertiary Institution Social Health Insurance Program (TISHIP) is a measure of the success of such scheme. However, valid assessment of the success of TISHIP by students requires good knowledge of its operational guidelines. This study accessed the level of awareness and perceptions of TISHIP students’ enrollees of the Federal Colleges of Education in the North Central geopolitical zone of Nigeria.
Methods: The study was a descriptive cross sectional investigation in which 188 selected participants completed self-administered semi-structured questionnaires, Student TISHIP Awareness, Perception and Evaluation Questionnaire (STAPEQ). Data collated was analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency and percentages and inferential statistics of chi-square and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Two research questions and two research hypotheses were raised and formulated respectively to guide to the study.
Results: The results show that an average of 75.55% of the students was fully aware of TISHIP objectives, 62.74% were aware of the benefits, 41.0% were aware of their responsibility. Many of them (69.2%) were not aware of the procedures to seek for redress when dissatisfied with services they received from their healthcare providers. 73.4% believed their healthcare providers operate in clean environment, 70.21% felt that doctors and nurses were cordial and friendly, 62.7% claimed to have experienced long waiting period before doctors/nurses consultations. 63.83% of the respondents agreed to be satisfied with the quality of service rendered by their healthcare providers. There were no significant differences in level of awareness and perceptions of the two groups of students on TISHIP operation and service delivery respectively.
Conclusion: The study therefore recommended more enlightenment of students on TISHIP operational guidelines in order minimize the level of their misgivings about the scheme. Moreover, government should employ more medical personnel especially doctors in order to solve the challenge of long waiting period before medical consultations.

We introduce recent virus infectious mechanisms from the viewpoint of amino acids. We focus on the chemical formula and atomic bonding strength involving amino acids resulting in the current pandemic. Furthermore, we refer to how to protect a virus with the water with theoretical ideas and evidences. After they apply higher pressurization to ordinary tap water, the water only possesses the pico-sized particle, which emits far-infrared and terahertz electromagnetic wave besides chemical reduction to viruses and diseases.

In accessibility and increase in price of commercial concentrates as a supplement for ruminants laid a way to look for other options in hand. The aim of current study was to identify the optimum level supplementing cassava leaf meal (CLM) as a replacement for protein on growth performance and economic efficiency of local goats. Twenty four intact yearling bucks with an average initial body weight of 13.92 ± 1.03 kg were purchased from Balela local market and assigned to one of the four treatment feeds in a completely randomized block design as: T₁= Grazing + 100gm WB + 150gm CLM, T₂ = Grazing + 100g WB + 200g CLM, T₄= Grazing + 100g WB + 250g CLM (T₄= Grazing + 300g Concentrate mix). All animals were allowed access to water ad libitum and the experiment was undertaken for 90 days live weight gain, DM intake, FCR and cost-benefit analysis were parameters studied during experiment. The chemical composition of feed samples was conducted immediately before commence of actual experiment showed that cassava leaf meal has high protein content which is above the minimum requirement level for optimal rumen microbial activity (22.94%) and low fibres content which are readily digestible (30.37%) indicating that it can be potentially used as supplemental feed for ruminants in areas where other sources are not available and/or are expensive. Supplemental feeding of 250gm of air dried CLM and 100gm of WB in current experiment positively influenced the economic efficiency and growth performance of animals by providing higher feed intake and greater weight gain as compared to T₁ group and T₂. The results from daily live weight gain were 63.1g, 69.9g, 93.22 and 103.78g for T₁, T₂, T₃ and T₄ respectively. Bucks in T₃ and T₄ (positive control) gained better than (93.22 and 103.78g/day) bucks in T₁ & T₂. Whereas the results from DMI were, 3.3kg, 3.0kg, 3.5kg and 3.7kg for T₁, T₂, T₃, and T₄ respectively. Even though goats in T₄ performed relatively better than all other treatment groups, supplementation of air CLM (T₃) was economically feasible, profitable. Therefore, supplementing goats those which graze on natural pasture with 250g of dried CLM and 100gm of WB will be feasible for optimum production. Further study on maximum inclusion level of dried cassava leaf meal has to be studied in grazing goats.

Seed multiplication in sugarcane through conventional technique is low (1:10) that’s why there is need to increase multiplication ratio through different multiplication technique used single bud, seed setts and top portion i.e. meristmatic region of cane stalk. The notified and released sugarcane varieties those bearing high yield and higher juice quality and also it showed stability and tolerance abilities against biotic and biotic factors under changing climatic scenario. The trueness to variety depends upon its good germination percentage, high genetic & physical purity percentage, vigour and its appearance treated as standard quality seed followed the Seed acted as foundation of Agriculture Technology and modernized much of farming’s day-to-day operations also helpful to steady supply of high yielder quality seed, to get high yield. Good quality seed can give up to 15% higher yield in most of the crop. A reviewed upon the advancements of different seed multiplication techniques of sugarcane viz, single bud plantlets (SBP), spaced transplanting (STP), poly bag seedling transplanting, bud chip, sablang or sprouting, rayungan, distance planting, tjeblock, advance vertical seed multiplication, tissue culture and popular conventional methods was done, among them single bud plantlets found the best one. Keeping this above said points in view it is subsidised by the Govt. of Bihar for popularity of SBP among the farmers. Seed standard of sugarcane either in conventional method or tissue culture technique should be maintained so that farmers will get maximum production with quality seed standard.

This systematic review study aimed to analyze the effects of glutamine on irritable bowel syndrome, demonstrating the adequate dose of glutamine for the treatment of IBS and identifying which clinical symptoms are improved with glutamine supplementation that include a relationship with the restoration of the intestinal wall, increase of immune cells, among other effects. Forth research, a systematic literature review of articles published between 2011 and 2021 was carried out. The research demonstrated that glutamine supplementation helps to protect the intestinal mucosa, increasing the capacity of immune cells, decreasing the translocation of bacteria and toxins after intestinal injury, preventing infections and inflammation, improving the symptoms of individuals with IBS. It is concluded that glutamine supplementation enhances the synthesis of this amino acid, which is extremely important in situations of metabolic stress and to exercise activities related to intestinal villi, consequently improving nutrient absorption.

Nutritional aspects for sustainable development of livestock systems based on tropical pastures and fodders
Nutritional aspects of livestock production in concern to sustainable development is under review are reviewed. This represents a meaningful challenge to stockman, technicians, directors and researchers of the area. Application of sustainable animal production concepts and nutritional principles for milk and meat production mediate in the interpretation and management of biological factors that rule sustainable tropical livestock production. Emphasis is on potential and limits of tropical roughages and basic aspects of digestive physiology and metabolism of ruminants in order to increase its alimentary efficiency. This way converges to matching ruminant production systems with available resources and the placement for establishment adequate feeding systems. The goal is to design production systems based on grazing, trees and shrubs for forage, byproducts, farming crops and its residues, as adequate supplements and complements. Objectives will be diversify, integrate and alimentary self-sufficiency, based on scientific, economic, social and environmental elements. Tropical livestock sustainable production at farm level and its rural and environmental bounds, posse a decisive space where principles for nutrition, feeding, management of animals and plants, could increase productivity, stability, resilience and step up economic feasibility. A sustainable agriculture requirement goes to the development of human resources and not only enterprising and technical items. The importance of a rational use of natural and environment resources and an increase of human capability in order to an agricultural development with sustainable basis is irrecusably.

The loss of human senses is one of the many consequences of aging. This new way of coping with life sometimes makes the elderly vulnerable to disease, especially when it comes to the gastrointestinal system.
The onset of anorexia, malabsorption, hypertension or diabetes are closely related to poor nutrition that can lead to the loss of the sense of taste or smell; an endless cycle between age, sensory losses and poor nutrition.
In Cuba, the population over 65 years of age has been increasing over time, being at this moment one of the most aged countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. Studies on nutrition in the elderly, as well as the creation of new products for this age group have been increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the whole process of sensory losses and their influence on nutrition.

To live a healthy life style and be free from diseases, fruits must be incorporated in one’s daily food. Fruits are of high nutritional value and provide the body with the required daily allowance. They are highly perishable, but can be made into different products to make them available all year round. They can be processed into products which includes; fruit juice, jellies, marmalades, candies, fruit bars and jams. This study analyses jam produced using date powder and compared it with commercial jam produced using table sugar. The percentage compositions of the blends considered were 50%:50%; 70%:30%; 30%:70% of orange and apple pulps respectively with constant amount of date powder (50%). In addition to the pulp blends, 2.9% commercial pectin was added together with citric acid, and date powder. The entire mixture was heated at 120°C for 25 mins to enhance the viscosity of the blends. Proximate, microbial, physico-chemical analyses, sensory evaluation and Vitamin constituents of the experimental samples and the commercial jam were evaluated. The commercial jam was found best having higher scores in all the sensory parameters. However, in respect to proximate composition, the experimental samples had the highest in protein, ash, moisture, and fibre while the commercial jam only scored high in fat, carbohydrate. In respect to microbial count minimum fungal and bacterial growth, 1.00 cfu X 103 g-1 and 1.00 cfu X 105 g-1 respectively were recorded in the experimental samples at 3 weeks after production. The control sample had the highest value in vitamin A content (130.35mg/100g) and the least in vitamin C content (1.64mg/100g).The nutritional analysis and sensory evaluation obtained proved that the orange and apple jam samples made with date powder is a promising functional product which can be consumed by both young and adults.

The essential oils of Cymbopogon distans from Gansu and Sichuan were obtained by dynamic headspace method and analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for different storage periods (1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months). The types of chemical constituents of essential oil from Gansu C. distans with different storage periods are alkanes, esters, amides, and ketones. In addition to the above four, compounds of Sichuan C. distans essential oil also include aldehydes, benzenes, and carboxylic acids. Alkanes of the essential oil collected from the two regions increased with storage time. After 12 months of
storage, amides was the largest in the essential oil of Gansu, while that of Sichuan was ketones. The essential oils of Gansu and Sichuan C. distans were identified 24 and 27 compounds, respectively. Among these compounds, hexadecane and heneicosane are the major compounds inessential oil of Gansu and Sichuan C. distans, respectively. Dibutyl phthalate, hexacosane, and heneicosane were produced in the two places in the same period, which can be used to identify the chemical fingerprint of C. distans. Six differential metabolites (nonadecane, heptadecane, octadecane, dibutyl phthalate, 2-methyl-hexacosane, and heneicosane) can be used as a basis for judging the origin of C. distans.

Sailing through the uncharted waters of the COVID-19 pandemic the world seems to have come together in support of their Health workers who are diligently providing care to the patients despite the severe lack of resources and dangers to their own health. The so-called ceremonial ‘Covid warriors’ started captaining this sinking ship from the start of the outbreak donning anything from cotton masks, bandanas to Raincoats and suit made of Garbage polyethene. In an underfunded creaky public health system of developing countries like India COVID 19 has exposed all the patch works. While the World Health Organization recommends a doctor patient ratio of 1:1,000, there are fewer than one doctor available for every 1,457 Indians [1]. These extraordinary times have increased the pressure on already overworked health care workers manifold.

Ceramic veneers are well known as a conservative treatment option for anterior teeth presenting wear, discolorations or shape anomalies.
The high esthetic outcome offered by the ceramic laminate veneers are the most important reasons of their indications. In recent years, an increased number of ceramic materials have become available for veneer’s fabrication, with the outcomes of each material supported by literature of varying degrees of scientific rigor.
The reproduction of a final color that matches the patient’s teeth shade is one of the biggest challenges met with ceramic veneers, since the color of the ceramic restorations depends on several factors such as the basic color of the used ceramic, the thickness, teeth’s color and the cement color. The feldspathic ceramics offer the highest esthetic value compared to all the other systems.
Feldspathic porcelain veneers have a remarkable 10-year survival rate of up to 95 percent after being bonded to enamel.
However, a major concern with the feldspathic ceramics was their low mechanical resistance.
Nowadays, the feldspathic blocks for CAD CAM systems allows matching the optical outcome of the original feldspathic veneers and the strength offered by the CAD CAM ceramic restorations.
In this case report article, we will show a step-by-step procedure of CAD/CAM feldspathic veneers fabrication for an esthetic rehabilitation of dento dental disharmony.

Smile rehabilitation of dental microdontia is a real therapeutic dare. Alterations in size have esthetic, functional, and psycho-social repercussions for patients.
Often associated with diastema and other dental anomalies, patients usually visit seeking an esthetic smile rehabilitation.
Multiple options are now available when it comes to treating encountered problems related to smile refinement. Orthodontic, periodontic, restorative, and prosthodontic, or a combination of all these procedures may be indicated to fulfill the patient’s esthetic and functional demands.
This article presents a combination of an orthodontic and prosthodontic procedure as well as the conditioning of the gingival tissue to treat anterior diastema associated with the presence of peg laterals.

Lichen planus is a mucocutaneous lesion, relatively frequent in oral cavity. Clinically, lichen planus can present in typical or atypical forms. The typical forms are generally milder and asymptomatic, whereas the atypical ones cause painful symptoms, which in turn make dental procedures and oral hygiene more difficult, favouring the development of periodontal diseases. The purpose of this article is to present a case of lichen planus that affected the buccal keratinized gingiva bilaterally on mandibular premolars and molars, simultaneously with periodontal disease. Periodontal treatment was performed, by sessions of scaling and root planing and oral hygiene instruction. Remission of the gingival lesions was observed, as well as control of the periodontal disease. The patient has been followed up for 11 years.

Non small cell carcinoma lung is a pulmonary epithelial carcinoma disparate from small cell carcinoma lung. Majority (85%) of pulmonary malignancies are comprised of non small cell carcinomas.
Non small cell carcinoma is comprised of adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma or large cell carcinoma. Infrequently, subtypes such as pleomorphic carcinoma, carcinoid tumour, salivary gland carcinoma, unclassified carcinoma or uncommon, histological variants as mixed cell subtype may emerge [1, 2].

India Himalayan Region is well recognized for its rich biotic wealth and cultural and ethnic diversity. Availability of more than 650 species of wild edible plants largely supports to the local communities to meet their nutritional needs as food supplements. Unfortunately, the high potential of these natural resources to combat with global malnutrition issues has been under exploited and underutilized. In case of cultivated plants, the standard practices pertaining to growing, harvesting, post-harvesting, processing technology, packaging and storage of the processed products are well known to develop quality products. On the other hand for wild edibles, only the measures for handling during the collection and post-harvest activities apply and this, it is one of the major advantages of the wild fruits particularly collected from non-polluted environment of Himalayan region.

As the number of people affected by dementia increases, there is a need for diagnosing potential symptoms of early dementia, and questionnaires such as the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) are widely used for early dementia detection. To build a more effective questionnaire, we propose ReSmart-15, a dementia detection questionnaire that includes daily behavior-based questions in five categories (i.e., attention, spatial ability, spatiotemporal ability, memory, and thinking ability). To evaluate the effectiveness of each question in detecting early dementia, information gain can be used to rank their contributions. However, the current information gain-based method requires hard classification results such as whether the patient had been diagnosed with early dementia or not. In this paper, we propose a “soft information gain” based ranking system where each patient is diagnosed with an early dementia probability (from 0 to 1), not with a hard decision of early dementia (0 or 1). We conducted an experiment to test the effectiveness of ReSmart-15 compared to MMSE and found that the top 2 questions were from ReSmart-15, and 60 percent of the ReSmart-15 questions were in the top 10. 

Aquaculture is a globally fast-growing food sector, and its economic significance is increasing consistently. India has massive potential in aquaculture resources, but the overall production is not impressive as, in most places, traditional farming practices are commonly used (Kathia et al., 2005). The disease management approach in traditional farming is very poor. Earlier studies found that, on average, 10-15% of the total production was destroyed due to the disease occurrence in freshwater farms (Geetha et al., 2022).

An inclusive knowledge of weed biology is essential for identification and management in order to develop both economically and environmentally acceptable weed management systems. A comprehensive documentation of weed communities is essentially required for inventorization, taxonomic identification and effective management. Present experiment was conducted on composition and their vegetation analysis of weed species through collection of specimens from destructive sample plots in HNB Garhwal University, Chaurus Campus, Uttarakhand. A total of 26 weed species belonging to 24 genera and 18 families were recorded from the 13 plots. Total Number of Individuals (TNI) was observed highest in Murraya koenigii (221±7.10) and least for Ziziphus Mauritiana (13±0.48). Important Value Index (IVI) was highest for Murraya koenigii (137.44) and Cannabis sativa (66.73), while the lowest was recorded for Ziziphus mauritiana (22.33) and Cissampelo spereira (2.41). Oxalis corniculata (69.23) showed the highest frequency, while Cannabis sativa showed both density=13.09 and abundance=21.27 to be the highest. Both Cissampelo spereira and Solanum nigrum species recorded lowest frequency, density and abundance was with value F=7.69 each. On basis of IVI, Murrayakoinigii and Cannabis sativa species marked the highest level of domination in the observation plots. The Asteraceae (4) followed by Amaranthaceae (3) and Malvaceae (3) were observed to be dominant family at the sites. The family such as Apocynaceae, Canabaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Boraginaceae showed least number of species. The range of abundance-frequency ratio was between 0.02 – 0.35, which indicate regular and random distribution pattern, signifying a suitable management system for weed regime in the area.

We learn any plant possesses chlorophyll for photosynthesis. Here, we introduce oxygenic photosynthetic organisms that use water as an electron donor resulting in reduction of carbon dioxide. SIGN water contains the detailed information transferring it to another substance and changing its properties with the information. The water reduces the material and has characteristics to change the nucleus. The property is based on pico sized water and leads to the development of germination and growth of a plant. Furthermore, we find the generation of chlorophyll based on the nuclear change starting from water absorbance in roots to leaves.

Nine early maturing sugarcane clones and their 12 morpho-physiological characters were studied in 2015-16 and 2016-17 crop seasons under inorganic environment to assess their genetic distance and characters association. The results of the experiment revealed that variety CoPk 05191 had greater genetic distance from CoS03251 (239.401), CoLk011201 (227.923) and UP 05125 (201.355), medium genetic distance was between Co098014 and Co 011201 (224. 618), Co098014 and UP05125 (179.927), and Co098014 and CoS03251 (178.029). The hybridization between the aforesaid combinations of clones can produce heterotic and transgressive genotypes with higher cane and sugar yield. The cane yield showed strong positive and highly significant correlation with cane height (r= 0.948**), single cane weight (r=0.817**), number of millable cane (r=0.748**), and green top yield (r=0.653**). Being highly correlated with cane yield, the characters like cane height, cane weight, NMC and green top weight need special focus while making selection for higher cane and sugar yield.

This paper aims to study and simulate the control of a wind turbine based on a double star asynchronous generator (GASDS); to control the energy production of this conversion chain the mechanical power generated should be optimised. Ensuring maximum power capture with the MPPT strategy (Maximum Power Point Tracking) for different wind speeds. For this purpose a control by fuzzy logic FLC associated with the orientation of the rotor flux FOC of the GASDS has been particularly described in order to improve system performance and better trajectory tracking in the case of the variant wind speed systems.

     Since the early 90s, there has been an increasing interest in incorporating clinical outcome assessment (COA) in clinical trials to measure how a patient feels or functions when describing the treatment benefit (both positive or negative) of an intervention. In 2009, the FDA issued the Patient Reported Outcome (PRO) Guidance which lays out the criteria for establishing the ‘fit for purpose’ of a COA, if that COA is to be used along the regulatory pathway (i.e., support approval or labeling). The principles elucidated in the PRO Guidance establish the gold standard for incorporating a COA, and provides the basis for the reliability, validity and interpretability of the COA data collected from a clinical trial on a registration path.

A 72-year-old with high cholesterol levels (Hypercholesteremia) was advised to take Atorvastatin 20 mg (Atorva-20 mg) which led to constipation and abdominal discomfort. As management, the Atorvastatin was discontinued and replaced with Rosuvastatin. The symptoms of constipation were reduced after cessation of the suspect drug Atorvastatin. The possible mechanisms for the event were unknown but has some proposed mechanisms like1. Levels of Nitric oxide 2. Inhibiting the production of melvonic acid 3. Decrease in coenzyme Q10.

Introduction: Child marriage is any legal or customary union involving a boy or girl under the age of 18. The study we conducted aimed to assess the knowledge and practices of parents with regard to early marriage. Method and materials: This was an action research study that took place in three phases, the first consisted of an initial assessment to take stock of knowledge on early marriages and the development of the plan. of action. The second phase was devoted to the implementation of the action plan for improving knowledge about these marriages through information, education and communication sessions. Finally, the third consisted of a final evaluation to observe the evolution after the action plan over a period of four months from April to July 2017 in the urban municipality of Koniakary/Region of Kayes. 99 people participated in this study during the evaluations. Results: The most represented age group was 41-45 years with 40.3% of cases. The primary evaluation made it possible to identify shortcomings and relative exact answers were provided. This led us to have a great progress in the secondary evaluation: the knowledge on the age of the marriage evolved favorably because 78.8% thought that it was less than 14 years for the age of marriage at the beginning of the study against 10.1% at the final evaluation. The main reasons for these early marriages mentioned were the eviction of illegitimate pregnancies in 58.6% of cases. The decision makers in these marriages were the father and the other men in the family in 62.6% of cases. Conclusion: The decision-makers of these early marriages were male adults who did not know the age of marriage according to the texts in Mali nor the dangers that young people faced in early marriages. Thus the action plan that we have implemented has improved the knowledge of those surveyed in relation to early marriage.

Arnold-Forster et al have recently pointed out their concern for the progressive deterioration of the mental health of doctors and for the neglect or ignorance that the medical health organizations in which they work have for their affective problems. They point out several causal factors, not only for the mental suffering of doctors, but also for the fact that the following is not taken into account: 1) the idea of the doctor as an exceptional being in society, 2) the social conviction that they must deny themselves and give themselves to others, 3) the dominant concept that their mental health and all their affective problems are their own responsibility, signs of disaffection, and are not the responsibility of the system in which they work. This brings us back to the topic of “discomfort in medicine” that we have addressed earlier. We propose to frame the affective disorders and discomfort of doctors and their causes in a larger psycho-social-professional framework, which is multicausal, currently dominates Western culture and which results in the deterioration of human behavior. In medicine, this results in the dehumanization of medical care, patient care and the health of doctors. They are not isolated events, but dependent on each other. Mutual causality includes the effects of the exponential increase in knowledge in science and technology, the accentuation of medical corporatism, the fragmentation of medical assistance, and the almost total loss of the holistic conception of the patient.

Brunneroma (Tumor of the Brunner’s gland) is an uncommon tumor of the duodenum. They are, probably, not true neoplasms but hamartomas arising from Brunner’s gland and may represent a protective phenomenon against gastric hypersecretion. It presents with non-specific symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea and bloating or gastric outlet obstruction. Usually, they are treated with endoscopic resection, with some lesions requiring surgical intervention. We present here a case of pedunculated poly of first part of duodenum which was consistent with Brunneroma on histopathology. Tumor of Brunner gland is known as Brunner gland adenoma. They are also referred to as Brunneroma or polypoidal hamartoma. These lesions are usually benign with a low malignancy potential.

Background: In the United States over 500,000 episodes of alcohol withdrawal require pharmacological treatment each year [1]. The medications for withdrawal treatment in the U.S. are benzodiazepines and barbiturates. Studies suggest these treatments are equivocal, [2] however, studies comparing outcomes of the two medications have been limited.
Objective: The primary objective of this study is to compare alcohol withdrawal treatment with benzodiazepine and phenobarbital medication classes alone or in combination in hospitalized patients in a 8 hospital community-based healthcare system.
Methods: This is a retrospective review of 1,602 hospital encounters with a principal diagnosis of alcohol withdrawal from 01/01/2018 to 12/31/2019. Encounters were evaluated for type of pharmacologic treatment, 30-day readmission rate, ICU admission, and intubation rates.
Results: When comparing the treatment groups, patients in the phenobarbital treatment group compared to the benzodiazepine group had a statistically significant higher admission to ICU at 42% versus 28% respectively (p=0.0160). Phenobarbital and benzodiazepines were not statistically significantly different in intubation rate (p= 0.3690) or 30-day readmission rate (p=0.8626). Rates of 30-day readmission and intensive care (ICU) admission were statistically significant between the three pharmacologic treatment groups (p<0.001) with the combination of phenobarbital and benzodiazepines demonstrating the highest rates of both.
Conclusion: In other similar studies [8-11], there are varied outcomes in relation to ICU admission, intubation and 30-day readmission rates when comparing benzodiazepines and phenobarbital. This study further demonstrates variation in these outcomes. Due to these substantial differences in outcomes when comparing phenobarbital and benzodiazepines, higher level studies are needed to provide conclusive evidence that phenobarbital is equivocal or superior to use of benzodiazepines for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal.

AMMI analysis evaluated the total variations in genotypic yield values across the environments and partied the total variations into various components to assess their significance. Environments, GxE interactions, and genotypes effects were highly significant with 69.4%, 24.1%, 3.4% respectively. IPCA-5 favored G11, G6, G8 as per IPCA-6 genotypes would be G5, G4, G17 while IPCA-7 pointed towards G3, G20, G4. First two AMMI components totalled 57.6% and ASV1 & ASV measures recommended (G4, G20, G15). MASV1 & MASV measures considered 98.5% total of seven Interaction principal components and identified G15, G9, G6 genotypes. G21, G17, G10 would be of consistent yield as per least values of standard deviation whereas CV identified G6, G10, G17 genotypes. Non parametric measures S_i ^s selected G15, G13, G9 whereas non parametric composite measures selected G15, G13, G20, G16. Biplot analysis observed S_i ¹, S_i ², S_i ³, S_i ⁴, S_i ⁵, S_{i ⁶}, S_i ⁷, ASV, ASV1, MASV, MASV1 NP_i ⁽¹⁾, NP_i ⁽³⁾, NP_i ⁽⁴⁾ accounted more in first principal component whereas Mean of genotypic yield, Average of BLUP of genotypic yield, PC1, GM, HM , HMPRVG, PRVG, were major contributors for second principal component. AMMI based measures ASV, ASV1, MASV, MASV1 clustered with S_i ⁶, S_i ⁷ in first quadrant. Out of two, first comprised of IPC3, IPC6, IPC7 measures while next one consisted of BLUP based measures with mean yield and IPC1. Measures NP_i ⁽²⁾, NP_i ⁽³⁾, NP_i ⁽⁴⁾ formed a cluster with Stdev, CV as this cluster observed adjacent to cluster of MASV1, NP_i ⁽¹⁾, S_i ¹, S_i ⁴S_i ², S_i ⁵ in same quadrant.

At present, 121 million agricultural holdings are in India; out of these 99 million holdings are small and marginal (87%). Small holdings are not well suited to farm mechanization, coupled with poor economic condition of farming community and lack of resources; these factors are exclusively responsible for the slow growth of Indian Agricultural. Hence, there is immense need to develop area specific integrated farming system models to resolve multi-dimensional problems prevailing related to agriculture and allied sectors. Integrated farming systems approach is one of the most powerful tools for enhancing productivity, profitability, nutritional security, livelihood improvement, employment generation and sustainability of the farm households, particularly small and marginal farming communities, presently they have constituted more than 87% of the total farm households. In India, increasing population demands coupled with decreasing availability of farm resources resulted declining in productivity which warrants an immediate attention of researchers to tackle these problems and there is urgent need to reorient agriculture research programs from individualistic enterprise approach to need developed holistic approach of integrated farming system. The concept of integrated farming system research integrates various enterprises and resources (inputs) at the farm level into consideration for planning production of crops, selecting cropping systems and combining various enterprises to develop integrated farming systems having sustainable agriculture production systems. Similarly, inclusion of horticulture, dairy farming, bee keeping, fisheries, poultry farming, sheep and goat rearing, sericulture, mushroom cultivation under two or three tier system of integrated farming can give substantial additional high energy food without affecting production of food grains. Soil, water, climate, marketing, labour, transport and local demands are the main criteria to select the farming systems for any working place. Moreover, integrated farming system is a biologically integration system, which integrates mechanism into farming activities to achieve utmost replacement of off- farm inputs and sustain farm profits through decease of costs of production and augment productivity of the entire system towards vertical horizon. As regards to livelihood security, the IFS approach adopted in the model met almost all the homegrown family demands of cereals, pulses, oil, fruit, milk, meat, vegetables, and value-added products. Moreover, integrated farming systems also pave the needed socially acceptable, environmental hygiene and economically viable to large growing population of India. Therefore, now the need of develop an agro-ecology based integrated farming system which would augment soil health, ecological balance, employment generation and fertilizers cost reduction through recycled farmbased by-products. Further, most of the inputs being used in agriculture becoming costlier and go out of reaches to common man which results in farming becoming unviable and unsustainable enterprise particular to small and marginal households of India. Hence, it is clear that adoption of allied enterprises enhanced the net return sizably over the arable farming. Thus, whole farmingsystem approach is very constructive in solving the various problems of farmers in India.

Humanity is facing some major global challenges that are of immediate concern. Two of them are Pandemic and Deforestation. The connection between deforestation and a pandemic sounds strange or a bit far-fetched but unfortunately, these are linked together, in a very complex way. Deforestation refers to the decrease in forest areas across the world for other uses such as agricultural croplands, urbanization, mining activities, monoculture, etc. Pandemics are outbreaks of infectious diseases that can cause morbidity and mortality over a wide geographic area and cause significant economic, social, and political disruptions [1]. Urban ecology is study of the relation of living organisms with each other and their surroundings in the context of an urban environment. Deforestation is the root cause of biodiversity loss which in turn leads to ecosystem disruption, i.e, it affects the ecosystem services. Evidence suggests that the pandemics have increased over the past century because of urbanization, changes in land use, exploitation of natural resources, and destruction of habitats. The rapid increase in population has resulted in speedy reforms in urban ecology, which has resulted in deforestation and habitat defragmentation and human encroachment into the forest.

Aim: The research study aims to determine whether the integration between Military Medicine and Space Medicine allows clinicians to improve their scope of practice, casualty variety, and confidence in unexpected situations that may influence other medical specialties over time through the development of Space Warfare Medicine.
Methods: Methods chosen facilitate the search for specific literature that applies to Space Medicine or Military Medicine while also observing perspectives from clinicians in the respective medical specialties.
Results: The integration of Space Medicine into Military Medicine is essential in the medical community as demands increase for clinicians trained in both Emergency Medicine and Space Medicine practices with the development of the USSF and commercialized space travel. Furthermore, Space Medicine is still very dangerous and proves to be far more complex than other specialties in which clinicians have limited time to adapt at the point of injury where unexpected events are likely to occur.
Conclusion: The significance of the ability to adapt to adverse conditions as the main connection between Military Medicine and Space Medicine justifies Space Medicine’s high affinity with Military Medicine that other specialties may not match.

We take care of the water daily life, but people are no worried about in daily life. There is a few of research on the water as basic science. We study the fundamental theme in water, not H₂O itself, which is the item that many people focus on it. Water forms a cluster of five or more with hydrogen bonds. However, we are perspective what happens if we dissociate the bonding. We find two points: a particle and wave in quantum physics of the water after dissociating hydrogen bonds. As a result, the water’s information transfers through space and affects other substances. Then, we employ some equipment to elucidate the characteristics indirectly since we cannot directly observe not only H₂O itself but also the hydrogen bond-dissociated particle with instruments. So, we use the research with optical, electricity, and magnetics associated with nuclear magnetic resonance, superconducting quantum interference, far-infrared optical spectroscopy, and laser flash.

CCL2 and CCL5 are the two chemokines plentifully expressed in Breast Cancer (BC). Close associations between CCL2 and CCL5 have been hypothesized; and both have been demonstrated to confer metastatic potential to the BC cells. Hence understanding the biology of either will shed light on the other. And in this paper I choose to investigate the source of CCL5 (in BC cells). Pin-pointing the source of CCL5 will lead to focused therapeutic intervention against BC metastasis. Through the analysis of connections between CCL5 and Interleukin 8 (IL8), I hypothesize that the CCL5 in BC is platelet CCL5. As a result of this hypothesis Aspirin seems to be the focused drug against BC metastasis. But there are challenges with using this drug in BC patient who is also simultaneously not suffering from any cardiovascular disorder.

Fibrous Dysplasia in the head neck region generally have a predilection for the maxilla and the mandible. Presentation of FD as a paranasal sinus lesion is very rarely reported in literature. We present such a case of paranasal sinus FD discovered incidentally during the ENT examination in a patient presenting with mucosal disease of the middle ear.

Objective: This study was conducted to prospectively analyze the clinical features of hospitalized patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AECOPD), sputum culture and drug susceptibility results, and the use and efficacy of antimicrobial to guide the pathogens of AECOPD hospitalized patients. Learning judgment and choice of antimicrobial drugs.
Materials and Methods: A total of 327 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admitted to the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jingzhou Central Hospital from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 were enrolled. Among them, 46 patients were positive for sputum microbial culture, and 48 positive sputum culture results were obtained. The demographic characteristics (age, gender, BMI index), smoking history, acute exacerbation/year, mMRC score were statistically analyzed. CAT score, lung function index, presence or absence of respiratory failure, sputum culture type and drug sensitivity, antibacterial drug selection. All data were tabulated and divided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of respiratory failure. The clinical data and etiology differences of the 2 groups were counted. According to the sputum culture, G-negative bacilli or fungi were divided into two groups, and the clinical data of the two groups were counted. The measurement data were mean±standard error, and the percentage was used. The statistical analysis was performed by Fisher’s exact test. The measurement data were analyzed by independent sample t test. The count data were analyzed by chi-square test. The P value was less than 0.05, which was statistically significant.
Results: A total of 327 cases were involved in the study, of which 48 were positive for sputum culture (46 patients). In the positive patients, 41 males (89.10%) and 5 females (10.4%) showed that males had higher prevalence than females. The most common age group is mostly 70-79 years old, with an average age of 73.08 years. During the follow-up, 8 people died in first year (58-83 years old, average 70.1 years old), and the mortality rate was 17.39%. Among the 46 patients, the available data were analyzed, BMI: 22.68 ± 0.67 (N = 28), AE / year: 1.82 ± 0.12 (N = 46), age (years): 73.52 ± 1.22 (N = 46), mMRC: 2.82±0.20 (N=28), CAT: 23.55±1.43 (N=27), FEV1:1.05±0.08 (N=28), FEV1%: 45.21%±3.29% (N=28), FVC: 2.25±0.11 (N=28), FVC%: 75.07% ± 3.4% (N=28). The most common microorganism in sputum culture was Candida albicans (50%), a total of 24 cases. There were 14 cases (30%) of bacterial infections and 34 cases (70%) of fungal infections. The most commonly used antibiotics for AECOPD patients are fluoroquinolones, followed by ceftazidime, followed by carbomycins, and antifungal drugs are most commonly fluconazole, followed by voriconazole. There was a statistically significant difference in the composition ratio between bacteriaand fungi between the first sputum culture and the non-first sputum culture (P=0.018), suggesting that the late stage of hospitalization was fungal infection. FEV1 and FVC between the respiratory failure group (14 cases) and the non-respiratory failure group (34 cases). AE/year was statistically significant (P<0.05), 2 groups. Candida albicans is the main pathogen in the patients. According to the pathogen, G-negative bacilli and fungi were divided into two groups. There was no significant difference in age, BMI, mMRC, CAT, AE times/year, FEV1 and FVC between the two groups.  
Conclusion: G-negative bacilli and fungal infections were the most common in male, elderly, and recurrent AECOPD hospitalized patients, with the highest incidence of Candida albicans infection. Fungi was main source of infection in the late stay after 5 to 7 days of hospitalization. Candida albicans is most common positive pathogen in hospitalized patients regardless of whether it is associated with respiratory failure. This suggests that our combination of antibacterial and antifungal drugs in clinical treatment, especially in the late hospital stay can benefit these patients.

Road safety is both a health and development issue of concern. Road traffic injuries are one of the leading causes of deaths, disabilities and hospitalizations with severe socioeconomic costs across the world and India in particular. As per the ‘Road Accidents in India 2020’, there were 3,66,138 unfortunate road accidents during 2020, which claimed 1,31,714 lives and caused injuries to 3,48,279 persons [1]. As per the World Health Organization, at least one out of 10 persons killed on roads across the world is from India and India positions first in the number of road accident deaths worldwide. The youth are particularly vulnerable on the world’s roads, and road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death for children and young adults aged 5-29 years [2]. The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MORTH) has considered road safety an issue of paramount importance. It has been taking proactive steps to address it by a technique called 4Es, Education, Engineering (of both roads and vehicles), Enforcement and Emergency care. Hence instruction and education to the adolescent and youth are of utmost importance to prevent road traffic accidents [1].

     There is a fast-growing precognition of team building that is sharpened by the technological capacity development of human resources in a technologically advancing world. As most organizations in the business world constantly evolve and strive to achieve competitive advantage in the market space, the relevance and role of team building becomes more fundamental and demanding. Teamwork elevates the trajectory and visionary inclination of organizations regardless of their sizes, successes and market dominance.
     This study will examine, analyze and discuss team building in the view of its stages of development: Forming Stage, Storming Stage, Norming Stage, and the Performing Stage. It would lay out the strategic impact each stage has on the other. It would analyze; the adjourning team roles-Belbin, team roles, action-oriented role, shaper, implementer, completer, coordinator, worker, resource investigator, and the laws of teamwork. More often than not, most workers aspire to excel professionally in their chosen field of career. For some it is a personal goal and aim to achieve career excellence while striving and aspiring to reach higher heights of acclaimed privilege in the society and in their country at large. All of these intentions, aspirations and visions are personalized and individualistic until it meets a broader shared vision offered by the organization through team building, team collaboration and team role.
     While team building requires the utilization of motivation, enthusiasm and a common sense of shared vision, ethical consciousness and moral responsibilities as means towards achieving a solidified and united team is also recognized. This identifies the presence of individuality and how that could be a hindrance, limitation and threat to the process of building and developing a team. Team building is a structured and functional system in an organization that aids the establishments of a definite purpose, creates organizational culture, and institutionalizes the visionary outlook and organizational advancement. Team building is the process of enhancing, developing and enriching the knowledge base of each team player in a workforce in order for each worker to be more effective in accomplishing the tasks and assigned duty to an acceptable degree of satisfaction that is needed for the organization.

Corporate Social Responsibility also known as corporate engagement with society is now a general expression in today’s present-day world and fundamentally it is fast-becoming a recognized methodological approach for organizations. Organizations illustrate, contribute and establish their incorporated customs through duties that reflect their common sense of share consciousness and ethics. The foundational elements of the Corporate Social Responsibilities of an organization reveals a clearer, deeper and acceptance of the organization’s operational culture of sustainability. The organization’s principles of transparency, its level of accountability all of these and more lays the structure that justifies an organization’s Corporate Behavior.

The organizational restructuring and institutionalization of Change Management is a fluid and elusive process that functions through a broad, holistic and yet a very conscious approach to implement, execute and create top-level excellent tasks, responsibilities, and duties with competency, organizational integrity, trust and professionalism in line as goals to achieve. As the top priority of company’s envisioned goals, visionary accomplishments and professionalism comes change management as the corrective tool and measures that can insure the improvement and advancement of organizational effectiveness. This seminar paper will aim at defining change management; it would create a discussion on the various views, and assertions of change management. The relevance of change management to the external and internal structures of organizations ensures, guarantees the heights and levels of development and advancement an organization can accomplish. In a competitive global market space were change is unavoidably constant, the understanding and studying of change management becomes the greatest means.

India has the largest number of engineering graduates passing out every year when compared to the USA. But does our Engineering profession get recognized in the eyes of law? The answer is NO when compared to our Medical Professionals or Chartered Accountants or Architects. There is the Medical Council of India [1956] to regulate Doctors, the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India [1949] to regulate Chartered Accountants, and the Council of Architecture [1972] to regulate Architects, and all of these professional bodies are protected by statutes or by an act of parliament. In most countries, e.g., Australia, Japan, Canada, Malaysia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Singapore, Tanzania, USA, UK, etc., professions such as Engineers are invariably governed by an act or law of the Government.

With the automotive industry’s continuous development of electrification, connectivity, intelligentization, sharing, automotive cyber security issues are becoming increasingly serious. How to effectively guarantee the cyber security of automotive products has become one of the urgent problems to be solved in the whole automotive industry. According to current situation of the industry, this paper argues that strengthening the cyber security management is very important, and according to the domestic and foreign automotive cyber security related laws, regulations and standards’ requirements, proposes the construction route, evaluation and optimization focus of automotive cyber security management system based on the risk management of the whole automotive product life cycle, which provides reference for enterprises to ensure the cyber security of automotive products.

The Yellow River Basin is an important energy production base, heavy industry base, and grain production area in China. Meanwhile, the ecological environment in this area is also very fragile. The success of carbon emission control in this region is related to whether China can complete its vision of carbon peak and carbon neutralization on time. Taking carbon emissions as the non-ideal output of the economy into the nonparametric DEA Malmquist index model, this paper measures the green Malmquist index of 9 provinces in the Yellow River Basin from 2014 to 2020 and analyzes the impact of the green Malmquist index, green technology efficiency and green technology progress rate on the regional economic growth gap and its time evolution trend. The results show that the green total factor productivity of the region shows a fluctuating upward trend from 2014 to 2020, but the direction of efficiency progress is negative. Therefore, the Yellow River Basin needs to reform the management system of high energy-consuming industries and strengthen environmental supervision in the future. In addition, the changes in green total factor productivity in various provinces show high heterogeneity, which poses new challenges to the formulation of emission reduction policies.

Municipal Solid Waste is a heterogeneous mixture of various materials such as food, glass, soil, ash, plastic, etc. Since there are no generally accepted sampling and testing procedures for waste materials, principles of soil mechanics. A good understanding of the properties of unsaturated Municipal solid waste is required for the design of the underground pipelines. Settlement prediction is an important issue to guarantee any post-closure structures on landfills. The present study is an attempt to determine the consolidation characteristics of saturated and unsaturated MSW from the Pirana landfill site, Ahmedabad (India) using a large size Consolidometer having an aspect ratio of 1:0.635. At present five tests were conducted on saturated municipal solid waste for 100% saturation and five on unsaturated MSW keeping a degree of saturation=50% at different water contents. The tests were carried out at the pressure of 20kpa, 40kpa, 80kpa, 160kpa, and 320kpa respectively. The consolidation settlement resulted in both types of waste being compared. It was concluded that the saturated MSW compacted on the dry side of the optimum has less settlement compared to the MSW compacted on the wet side of the optimum while the time taken for the unsaturated MSW was slightly higher as compared to that of the saturated MSW.Q

With the advent of additive manufacturing, various processes have been developed over the years. A prominent example is bioprinting. The technology involves the use of biocompatible materials and living cells to construct functional structures and constructs that mimic the properties of human body tissues [1]. It is estimated that 20 people die every day due to a lack of organ transplantation in the United States alone [2]. With the development of new diseases and an increasing population, this number is expected to increase over time. It is possible for bioprinting to provide a solution for this issue, but it will need many modifications and development to result in a living organ with multiple cell types and materials [3].

The state of being free of mouth and facial pain, oral infections and sores, and other oral diseases that disturbs the rhythm of presenting and socializing in this world.
Despite of economic and social burdens due to neglection of oral care many countries are unaware of the need of making society aware of the importance of oral health.
Oral health is a silent treatment of overall health.

Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma (JNA) is a rare, benign, locally invasive, vascular neoplasm that accounts for less than 0.5% of all head and neck tumors. Other terms used for this tumor are nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, bleeding fibroma of adolescence, fibroangioma. In this paper, a rare case of Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma in a 19 years old male patient has been discussed along with mini review of pathogenesis and histological features and treatment modalities.

Major oral discomfort related to periodontal diseases, pain, halitosis, gingivitis, hypersensitivity, cervical caries, and gingival recession; altogether is the part consequences of food impingement/impaction. Dentistry should deal with rebuilding the proper anatomy of teeth in case of direct or indirect restoration which can ultimately resolve the problem along with proper periodontal treatment.

Various views on climate change exist. Many proposals to combat it also exist. Since I hold an unconventional view about the origin of life and the earth [1] some may wonder if I also hold an unconventional view about how to preserve the planet. My view on climate change and how to stop it is:

1.Cellular dust created the universe, the earth and the climate thereof

2.If scientists acknowledge the existence of the microzymas and learn to manipulate them we can terraform the planet to our liking

3.Since microzymas never die, if scientists fail to do the above earth could be ruined-however the microzymas will probably create another earth with new flora, fauna and man.

A documentary study was carried out with a non-probabilistic selection of sources indexed in international repositories, considering the year of publication and the relationship between the concepts of organization and human capital. The empirical test of the null hypothesis suggests the non-rejection of a significant difference between the findings reported in the literature with respect to the observations and analyzes carried out in the present work. It is concluded that the observed sample can anticipate a scenario of convergence between labor stigma and talents in their modality of human, intellectual and intangible capital in the organizations that were studied during the pandemic period from December 2019 to April 2022.

The paralysis of the foot elevators is a common condition with a variety of etiologies. The transfer of the posterior tibialis on the lateral cuneiform constitutes the surgical gesture of reference to compensate for the deficit of the elevators of the foot.
Objective
The aim of this work was to evaluate the result of the transfer of the posterior tibialis on the lateral cuneiform. 
Patients and Method
This was a descriptive retrospective study from January 2006 to December 2021. During the study period, we operated on 07 patients with paralysis of the foot elevators at the Regional Hospital of Kayes and at the University Hospital of Kati. The results were assessed according to the raising and maintenance of the plantigrade position of the foot.
Results
The use of the aforementioned judgment criteria allowed us to classify our Patients into four very good results, two good results and one poor result. The only bad result was hind foot varus with posterior tibialis side 4.
Conclusion
The transfer of the posterior tibialis on the lateral cuneiform ensures the effective raising of the foot. Postoperative rehabilitation is an integral part of the therapeutic protocol to restore the transferred muscle to its initial strength.

     Acute cholecystitis can now have an impact worthy of interest in black Africa, although it was considered rare in the past. Several surgical works currently published in Africa have demonstrated this.
     The objective of this work was therefore to determine the hospital frequency in the department of general surgery of acute lithiasic cholecystitis, to describe the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects, to describe the surgical follow-up and to evaluate the cost of management.
     This was a retrospective and prospective study that was carried out from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2018 in the general surgery department of the Sominé Dolo Hospital in Mopti. It involved 46 patients including 16 men and 30 women with an average age of 50.64 years ± 14.97 and sex-ratio of 0.54, having been operated by intraoperatively confirmed acute cholecystitis laparotomy.
     The annual frequency was 15.33 cases/year. The defense sign in right hypochondrium was found in all our patients. Cholecystectomy was the rule of surgical treatment in the absence of the laparoscopy spine, and non-training of surgeons in coeliosurgery, all our patients were operated by conventional surgery. Antibiotic prophylaxis and antibiotic therapy were performed in all our patients. Vesicular bed drainage 45(97.8%) was the main surgical procedure associated with cholecystectomy Operative soot was simple in 84.8% of our patients. The morbidity rate was 13.04%; the mortality rate was 2.17%.
     The average cost of care was 129,800 FCFA (±9650 FCFA) ie 197.66 ± 14.69 euros.

The research work investigated the effect of macroeconomic variables on agricultural output in Nigeria. The study spanned from the period of 1995-2020, making it 26 observatory years. The agricultural output growth represented the explained variable while money supply, commercial bank loan on agriculture, exchange rate, interest rate, recurrent government expenditure on agriculture and inflation rate represented the explanatory variables which served as the selected macroeconomic variables under study. The stationary of the variables were checked using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test. The researcher went further to test for the long run relationship using the Johansen Co-integration technique. The OLS analysis was computed which shows that the model is statistically significance, judging with the p-value of the F-statistic. The analysis also presented that money supply, exchange rate and inflation have a positive relationship with agricultural output within the given period of study while commercial bank loan on agriculture, interest rate and recurrent government expenditure on agriculture have a negative link with the explained variable. Based on the findings, the researcher made its recommendation in the work.

Whenever we hear mushroom, we know that it is a spore bearing fruiting body of a fungus that generally grows on ground or on its food source. There are many kinds of mushroom that differ in their chemical components and vary from edible to poisonous mushroom. Typically, there is presence of a mushroom variety that has Psilocybin compound in it. They are found in both pileus(cap) and stipe(stem) of mushroom but mostly in pileus. These types of mushrooms are known as Psilocybin Mushroom or “Magic Mushrooms”.

The demand for energy and related services is rising in order to meet social and economic development and improve human welfare and health. Energy services are needed in any civilization to provide basic human requirements (such as lighting, cooking, space comfort, movement, and communication) as well as to support productive processes. Nigeria has a good forestry enabling environment, but it has to expand in scope, coverage, and efficiency to adequately serve other regions that have been disadvantaged by extensive deforestation and environmental degradation in their surroundings. The government will profit from pursuing well-articulated forestry policies programs that will greatly reduce the pressure on large cities and towns, as well as enhance the availability of cheap basic services, making life easier for citizens.

This work shows a study carried out in the upper area of the Chaschuil Valley in the South Ramsar Subsidy of the province of Catamarca for the identification of wetlands through the analysis of SRTM and LANDSAT images. Factors influencing the use of wetlands, such as size, fertile plains, water dynamics and associated vegetation, were considered. The image processing of the Landsat 8 satellite (PATH-ROW = 232-079) was carried out, as well as the sampling data of the January 2019 campaign. Base maps were generated and analysis of geographic information system (GIS) to classify water bodies. The results allowed us to better understand the relationship between the geomorphology of the basin and its water dynamics and allow us to advance in the study of wetlands of importance to the ecosystem of the region.

This study investigated the effect of two different methods, i.e. air-drying and freeze-drying, of preservation of elephant garlic (Allium ampeloprasum L.) cultivated in Valdichiana, a traditional cultivation area of Tuscany, Italy, on its nutritional characteristics (i.e. soluble proteins. polyphenols, flavonoids, free radical scavenging activity, starch, soluble sugars, allicin). The results showed that compared to the fresh product, the traditional method of air-drying causes significant reductions only in the total antioxidant power (-46%) and in the content of starch (-22%), while the modern method of freeze-drying negatively affects almost all the parameters investigated, overall by about 40%. The content of allicin is not changed by the preservation method. Although freeze-drying is considered one of the best methods for preserving plant-based food, attention should be paid to the effect of this process on the nutritional characteristics of the product.

Fish borne zoonotic trematodes (FZTs) affect millions of people worldwide especially in Asian countries and are of considerable economic importance because of their various degrees of morbidity and economic losses. They are normally transmitted to the definitive host by consumption of raw or improperly cooked fish harbouring viable metacercariae. The life cycle is complex which requires two intermediate hosts (snails & fish) and one definitive host (human). Interestingly, they can also complete their life cycle in the hosts other than the humans (reservoir hosts) which play a great role to maintain the infection in the environment. Diagnosis is mainly done by demonstration of eggs and adult parasites from infected definitive or reservoir host and recently, it is complemented by molecular techniques. These trematodes are mostly prevalent in the countries with traditional aquaculture practices. So, proper aquaculture practices should be followed and the production of parasite free fish for human consumption should be a key objective for the aquaculture industry. This review summarizes the global status, life cycle pattern, pathology, diagnosis and also some recommendations for prevention and control of the fish borne zoonoses.

To accurately calculate the global average temperature has proven to be an arduous task since the 19th century, the major reasons are maintaining accurate records of the same locations over a lengthy period which has strained the meteorologists, especially in places located remotely, like mountains or deserts. This is the reason meteorologists use global averages which generally span over 3 decades to give perspective and context to information.
We decided to use the Linear Regression Model to achieve this task at hand. Linear regression is an algorithm which is used for determining the relationship between an dependent variable and some independent variables which are also known as scalar response explanatory variables respectively. The relationship between dependent and independent variables are calculated using predictor functions which are linear in nature whose parameters which are not known are found out through the means of the data provided. Hence, it is paramount that we give our model a clean and digestible data so that it learns well and predicts accurately. It’s equally important that we maintain the dimensions of the data and be careful that it is not too high or not too low, it should be just right. We also employed the Pearson’s Correlation method for Feature Selection. After which we also tuned the hyperparameters among other things to gain the most suitable parameters for the model. Finally, we compared our results from normal model generation to hyperparameter tuned model.

Current trends in engineering and technology have made a great impact in automation on a day-to-day basis in almost every field. The advantages of automation are manifold -reducing human interventions, increase in productivity, reducing human errors, and to enhance their capability to work; especially in hazardous and danger zone areas. Human labor-intensive tasks/repetitive tasks where human fatigue and error is a usual phenomenon are usually good candidates for automation. Can automation succeed in tasks which need human expertise and intelligence? Its limitations does not allow it to automate every task. Automation is a straightforward algorithm which takes input data and produces output according to the algorithm. When intelligence and cognitive capabilities have to be embedded in a machine to mimic the way human would execute the task, automation becomes conceptually closer to Artificial Intelligence (AI). 

LTE-V2X is becoming the most technology for automatic pilot. But the interference affects the capacity of V2X when the traffic is busy. This article presents the soling V2X blocking algorithm to void the problem happening. It is time division method. Node B acts as a master to assign the slot and symbol to all of OBUs under the area. If out of range of LTE network, the OBUs votes one OBU as Node B to allocate the slot and symbol to them, all OBUs Synchronization with the OBU, then time division can work.

During the life cycle of people, some lose functional autonomy and a capability, which leads to dependency, with little or no mobility, due to physical or psychological factors, and not having sphincter control, some are exposed to frequent use of urine collectors such as diapers or bladder catheter for urination control, which cause inflammation and erosion of the skin by prolonged contact with urine. This work shows the implementation of a prototype diaper designed with reusable fabrics and an integrated device for automated drainage, combining Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools and electronic components that together achieve a device capable of directing and / or route the urine collected from each urination, to a urine collection bag, its self-control allows minimizing the time of exposure to moisture and avoid over hydration of the skin, which causes severe skin lesions. The purpose of making this project known is for educational and motivational purposes for the areas of knowledge where technologies are applied for the benefit of society.

A chatbot mimics human interaction through voice or text interactions. Chatbots are used by businesses to interact with consumers in addition to the traditional client care channels like via phones, mails or social media. The most basic type of chatbot system handles jobs by interpreting user input and then searching its directory for content related to particular words or phrases. In a nutshell, it works as a keyword-based content retrieval system. Watson Studio provides a collaborative environment and resources to work on data in order to solve business challenges. Users may select tools for analyzing and displaying their data, cleaning and shaping it and using it for constructing and training machine learning models. Watson Assistant is a business-oriented AI chatbot. This enterprise AI technology can be used to create conversational AI applications. Since, loan application process can be extremely cumbersome, so we have developed a chatbot using IBM Watson that could help in easing this process. The chatbot has been integrated with WhatsApp using Twilio. By answering a series of standard questions related one’s application, one can see the risk percentage involved in taking the loan. This has been enabled using Machine Learning models.

According to a research the number of social businesses is estimated to exceed 20000 globally. “34% are in operation for between 2-5 years and constitute 2-3% of GDP-2010” [2-4]. In fact, modern social business is a recent phenomenon increasingly receiving worldwide attention especially when income inequality is expanding exponentially parallel to the growth of dollar millionaires both in the developing and developed societies. This paper demonstrates how social business can vary in form, distinct both in principles and practices but unique in substance. In other words, how they operate to impact economic life of men and women especially in poverty reduction and economic growth of a nation such as Bangladesh.
 

Smoking has an adverse impact on several female reproductive life aspects, like oviducts function, uterus impairment, menstrual function disturbance. Moreover, smoking during pregnancy is a fundamental cause of health problems for both mother and fetus. It raises embryo implantation complexities associated with health conditions such as heart and cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary diseases, and hypertension. Smoking has an adverse impact on several female reproductive life aspects, like oviducts function, uterus impairment, menstrual function disturbance. Moreover, smoking during pregnancy is a fundamental cause of health problems for both mother and fetus. It raises embryo implantation complexities associated with health conditions such as heart and cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary diseases, and hypertension. Furthermore, several cigarette smoke compounds have toxic impacts on clinical IVF/ICSI treatment.

     Often is the case that researchers rely on just the statistical significance of the result in question to convey the study results to a broader audience, whether that is a publication or a presentation at a medical meeting. Ignored are the interpretation from the clinical perspective and the magnitude of the statistic in question.
     A noticeable misstep is the interpretation of the correlation coefficient, often times the researcher interprets the p-value and leaves it at that. Not discussed is the degree of association, whether there is no, weak, moderate, or strong correlation.
     The correlation coefficient measures the strength of association between two variables, or a single variable across time. There are many different ways to calculate the correlation coefficient depending on the distribution of the variables or the type of variable being analyzed. For example, the pearson correlation coefficient is calculated when the data are normal or the use of polychoric correlation to measure the strength of association between two ordinal variables.
     The statistic generally ranges from -1 to 1 with the sign indicating the direction of the association. While there are many different ways that one can interpret the magnitude of the relationship, in general, a coefficient that is equal to 0 indicates no relationship, and a coefficient of 1 indicates a perfect relationship-that is the two variables in question are redundant, and if both are included in the analyses will introduce multicollearnity. The absolute value of the correlation coefficient indicates the strength of the relationship, with the following gradient: |0| = none; |0.1-0.3| is weak, |0.3-0.5| is moderate, |0.5-0.7| is strong and |0.7-1.0| is very strong. The endpoints of each range are open, 0.299 will be considered as weak, and 0.30 would be considered moderate.
     It is important when conveying the results of the study that both the magnitude and statistical significance is presented. The magnitude and statistical significance has an important place in understanding the clinical value of the relationship.
     Another area where researchers often present just the statistical results is when presenting data on the minimum clinical important difference (also known as the minimum clinical threshold). This concept is important when presenting the results of any clinical outcome assessment (COA). COAs are defined as either CLINROS (a scale completed by the health-care provider after observing the patient); PROs (a measure about the patients’ health status completed by the patient without any interpretation by others); PerFos (a measurement based on an standardized task and evaluated by a trained personnel) and an ObsRo (a measurement based on observable signs, events or behaviors related to the patients’ health status). Caregivers usually provide such information. In trials of MDD, the FDA acknowledges the importance of PRO measures, suggesting that such information is useful in assessing benefits of treatment.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a group of conditions that affect modern lifestyle, and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behavioural factors. They includes four major NCDs namely: cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and chronic respiratory diseases. NCDs are one of the major challenges for health and sustainable human development; characterized by a long disease phase, and then became the leading cause of death in our society. Each year, it can cause 41 million people deaths, which is about 71% of all global deaths. In addition, NCDs kill >15 million 30-69 year-old people and low- and middle-income countries are mostly affected for premature deaths which account for 85% [1].

Disaster, outbreaks, and health emergencies extend various ethical obstacles related to maintaining quality and standard of care and practices. Often there are no prophylactic regimens available or effective during an emergency such as the Covid-19 pandemic. Since outbreaks of H1N1, Zika, and Ebola, exploring new modalities and treatment plan is a key aspect, and it needs a multidisciplinary ethical review team that accelerates the research review process and hasten to accomplish the project. Globally, every country has its guidelines for research review. But investigating facts during public health emergencies e.g., Covid-19, there is a significant necessity for a fasttrack review system. Focusing more on peer review practices for research on Covid-19 might suggest the upcoming time of peer review system in reviewing research. In an early pandemic situation, an unprecedented surge in the publication in a scholarly journal is a backbreaking task. The documented manuscript entails authenticating its relevance and appropriateness by proceeding through the review process. Enabling a fasttrack review system could be effective in reducing average submission and review time and preventing unnecessary delays in publications. Various questions come to mind- Is it long-lasting? Are we prepared for a fasttrack review of all research? Are we have any guidelines for research review in public health emergencies that provide a uniform and standard review system across the world? Now Fasttrack review implementing mainly for emergencies research projects. It is burdensome to review all research proposals on an emergency basis. fast tracking all types of research affect the quality of reviewing as well as the overburden to review teams as manpower has limited.

There are many random wells in the city of Al-Lith, especially in the east of the city of Al-Lith in (the study area). There are no desalination companies in the area, and there are no data showing that the wells are potable & non-potable, and there is no information about the groundwater level in the area. In the beginning, the locations of the targeted wells were determined to conduct the study on, and then the samples were collected from the 20 identified sites in the east of the city of Al-Lith, from 20 wells, and the depth of each well was also determined. According to the results, the aim is to give idea for the water wells whether potable or non-potable.

Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is a direct interface or communication path between human brain and computers. In BCI technology, it is possible for machines to interact immediately with the cognitive state of human brain, measure its activity signals using electrical electrodes in most cases, and interpret these signals for controlling external devices [1].

The study was conducted in South Omo Zone Benatsemayworedachalikebele from 2019-2021 G.C in the title “Evaluation of different spacing and demonstration of Becium grandflorum /“Tebeb”/ bee forage in South Omo Zone, Ethiopia” with the objective of evaluate the effect of different spacing on canopy cover, plant height, branch number and flower number and adaptability of Becium grandflorumbee forage. Beciumg randflorum cutting laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications by four different spacing (2m, 2.5m, 3m and 3.5m). The record parameter results were plant height 1.11m, 0.99m, 1.24m and 1.27m with treatments 2m, 2.5m, 3m and 3.5m spacing respectively, number of branches per plant were 17.33, 13.33,20 and 21.66 with treatments respectively, canopy cover were 1.39m, 1.29m, 1.7m and 1.5m with treatments respectively and number of flowers per plant were 15567, 14043, 19753 and 20083 with treatments respectively were recorded. All parameters such as plant height, number of branches per plant, canopy cover and number of flowers per plant were not statistically significance (p<0.05). The highest flower number, branches per plant and plant height was recorded in treatment 3.5m whereas the lowest flower number, branch per plant, plant height and canopy cover was recorded in treatment 2.5m. However the recorded parameter results were not statistically significance treatment 3.5m and treatment 3m spacing were recommended for Becium grandflorum cutting plantation with sufficient soil moisture and good soil condition.

Rhopalosiphum padi is an important pest in agricultural production. In order to reduce the use of chemical pesticides and improve the control effect, the study reported the insecticidal activity of the crude extract from 18 strains Epichloë bromicola isolated from Elymus tangutorum. The results showed that the crude extract of E. bromicola displayed insecticidal activity against R. padi. The results showed that 6strains with good activity were strains 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 18, and their mortality rate (65%, 71.7%, 75%, 88.3%, 60%, and 70.0%) reached more than 60% at 48h. However, the five strains of 4, 13-15, and 17 had no insecticidal activity, but could promote the growth of R. padi. Among them, strain 7 had the best insecticidal activity at 48h, and the mortality rate reached 88.3%. At the same time, the mortality rate of 48h was significantly higher than that of 24h. In conclusion, the crude extract of strain 7 with significant insecticidal activity will be of great significance for the biological control of R. padi in the future.

Charlie Chaplin had once said “always keep in your mind that you will always find your life a worthwhile one, just if you keep a beautiful smile on your face every time.” The power that a simple smile holds cannot be emphasised upon enough and rendering someone the ability to smile again with confidence is something that makes the field of prosthodontics so inspiring. We have come a long way from carving dentures out of ivory and using cattle teeth to simulating teeth within the jaw as seen in implant osseointegration. A study conducted by CDC over 2011 to 2016, revealed that one out of six adults aged 65 and older had lost all their teeth and around one-fourth of the adults aged 65 and older have 8 or less teeth making edentulism a significant setback and these numbers are expected to grow in the next two decades. Edentulism, besides being a functional and esthetic problem, has a psychological component as well. A recent encounter that was personally enriching was with a patient who had lost her last few remaining teeth due to severe periodontitis. She expressed the apprehension to smile caused due to her tooth loss.

To achieve net zero emission by 2070, enter in to the hydrogen world is what India is looking for. Recently, the hydrogen production in India is from methane reforming. This produces significant carbon dioxide emissions. Though carbon capture and storage technology (CCS) can reduce such emissions but still in India it is in under developing stage. Mission of Indian government is to mitigate climate targets and making India a green hydrogen hub. The term “Green Hydrogen” is very famous now days in India. Here are some facts and future trends of India towards Green Hydrogen [1-5].

Introduction: Pregnancy is a time of many physical and physiological changes. Increased ligamentous laxity and hormonal changes leads to significant postural deviations and musculoskeletal changes. In addition, increased body weight of pregnancy, fluid retention lowers the arches of the foot, further adding to foot’s length and width.
Objective: The purpose of the study was to find and compare the dimensional changes of feet during pregnancy in nulliparous (Group-A) primiparous (Group-B) and multiparous (Group-C) women.
Methods: A cross- sectional study involved a sample of 90 participants (30 in each group), in the age group of 18 – 35 years with gestational age of 32- 36weeks were measured for Foot arch index (FAI) and Navicular drop Test (NDT). Baseline characteristics were recorded, and BMI was calculated.
Results: Results showed a statistically significant difference in dimensions of foot markedly in group-B (P-value 0.00001) and group-C (P-value 0.0008) as compared to group-A. However, no significant difference was found between the trimester and total foot length in all the groups. There was significant change in Width of the foot (P- value 0.0018) markedly in group-B (P-value 0.0127) and group-C (P- value 0.0005). The Foot arch Index was positively correlated with Navicular Drop test, but negatively
correlated with total length and width of foot.
Conclusion: The study concluded that there are dimensional changes of foot that occurs during pregnancy more in multipara than primipara irrespective of the trimester.

This paper put forwards afresh concept to improvise the conventional JL-TFET. The choice and placement of dielectric are crucial in determining the efficiency of the device. Thus, asymmetric hetero-dielectric is found to improve the gate control and also aid in lowering capacitance. The concept of triple gate material has been incorporated which resulted in better gate control and thereby improving ON-current. The proposed structure reports a current ratio of 4.4 x1010A and promising values for Subthreshold Swing (SS) 9 mV/dec (point) and 48 mV/dec (average).This improvised structure helps in development of devices suitable for low power applications. The simulation based study was performed in July 2021 and compared with the results available.

A change in global or regional climate pattern is called climate change. It is a global, serious and permanent threat to the whole world. In general, lack of rainfall, long summer, shorten winter, floods, droughts etc are occurring due to climate changes, these changes may be due to deforestation, increased levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), increase methane levels or increased water vapor levels. Similarly gases also enhance the level of climate change. When the sun rays fall on the earth, the earth reflect those rays back which keeps the earth temperature under control but if the average amount of the gas is too high, it will absorb the rays into the ground which causes the temperature to rise this is also called the green house effect. The Pakistan meteorological department released a report in 2019 in which they said that rainfall in august 2019 decreased by 47% as compared to august 2018. Overall the country has received 28% less rainfall and the only reason is said to be climate change.

The United Nations observes 22nd March as world water Day. Last year’s (2021) theme was ‘Valuing Water’. Can you imagine that water is priceless that is you can get it free almost without paying any price but without water, you can’t live? So, water has got a value that is different from the price we pay for other commodities like food, clothing, and housing and we call it the “USE VALUE”. Also, water is the most consumable material on the whole planet. Nature ensures that Water renews itself…. (saagram prathi gajjathi….manthra pushpam is about water being the essence of life). Sir. C.V. Raman has called it the Elixir of life. It is aptly said that water has No Colour, No Shape, No Place, But Still Very Important for Life……………!!!

A field experiment was carried out in Nubaria and Kafr El-Sheikh regions to predict the main piercing-sucking insects and their associated predators, the impact of certain weather factors on them, the partial correlation on these studies and the role of predators in the control of Bemsia tabaci were discussed in Egyptian soybean fields during the 2020 and 2021 seasons. Results showed the distribution of population density and frequency of occurrence for piercing-sucking insects that included (Bemisia tabaci Genn.; Aphis gossypii Glover; Nezara viridula L. and Empoasca app.) and predators that included (Chrysoperla carnea Steph.; Coccinella undecimpunctata L., Paederus alfierii, Orius sp. and True spiders) on soybean plants. The mean number of piercing-sucking insects and associated predators was less in Nubaria than Kafr El-Sheikh region and Empoasca app. disappeared in Nubaria region. The highest frequency of occurrence was Bemisia tabaci insect and Chrysoperla carnea predator during the study. The best time to implement the role of integrated pest management was in August, when the predator/B. tabaci ratio was highest. The partial correlation coefficient value was highly significant between temperature and B. tabaci and C. undecimpunctata in Nubaria while N. viridula and Empoasca in Kafr El-Sheikh during 2020 but 2021 season, it was highly significant with B. tabaci, A. gossypii, N. viridula, P. alfierii and Orius sp. in Nubaria whereas Ch. carnea and True spiders in Kafr El-Sheikh during 2021. Relative humidity was highly significant with Empoasca spp. and true spiders, in Kafr El-Sheikh during 2020 while wind speed was highly significant with B. tabaci in Kafr El-Sheikh during 2020 and with Nubaria during 2021. The role of the main insect predators in the control of piercing-sucking insects was highly significant between P. alfierii and N. viridula in Nubaria, while Kafr El-Sheikh was Ch. Carnea with B. tabaci and N. viridula, then C. undecimpunctata with A. gossypii and N. viridula and True spiders with B. tabaci, and N. viridula during 2020, next 2021 season, P. alfierii with B. tabaci in Nubaria region then Kafr El-Sheikh was Ch. Carnea and True spiders with B. tabaci, N. viridula and Empoasca spp. these means that there are another factors effect on the relationship between insects and predators population.

Research studies aimed at screening cowpea genotypes against Aphis craccivora K. commonly known as black aphids, under the no-choice infestation condition, were conducted in the greenhouse at Natural Resource Development College (NRDC), Lusaka, Zambia in 2021. The main objective was to discern the cowpea genotype that is resistant to Aphis craccivora K that would aid the reduction of yield losses encountered in cowpea production. The materials consisted of 21 cowpea genotypes advanced from the open field screening method. These 21 that were selected from an initial set of 110 genotypes exhibited the resistance trait during the open field screening method and thus were advanced to validate their resistance levels. The cowpea genotypes evaluated included 1 landrace variety, 2 mutation derived cultivated varieties, 15 advanced mutation derived varieties, and 3 pure line genotypes from IITA. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications. The variables collected were aphid score, aphid population build-up, plant vigour scores, and plant survival rate. Significant differences were seen among the genotypes for all the parameters considered in the investigation. The most resistant genotypes (BB10-4-2-3-2 and BBBT1-11) across all parameters investigated recorded an average aphid score of 1.0 and 1.68, respectively compared to LT11-3-3-12 which recorded the highest score of 7.0. The aphid population build-up of BB10-4-3-2 and BBBT1-11 was the lowest at 0.9 and 1.0 respectively compared to the highest recorded by LT11-5-1-1-4 at 3.54. The highest plant vigour of 3.0 was recorded by BB10-4-3-2, BBBT1-11 and LT11-5-1-1-4 and the lowest was recorded by Sanzi (1.2). Both BB10-4-3-2 and BBBT1-11 recorded a survival percentage of 100% at 21DAI compared to the lowest recorded by TVu 2027 (20%). Genotypes BB10-4-2-3-2 and BBBT1-11 could further be assessed for the possible presence of biochemical and traits, that could explain the basis of the observed differences among the genotypes in their reaction to Aphis craccivora K. Besides, BB10-4-2-3-2 and BBBT1-11 can also be incorporated in the breeding program with the target of breeding cowpea varieties that are resistant to aphid infestation. Furthermore, BB10-4-2-3-2 and BBBT1-11 may be released to address the yield losses experienced in cowpea production as a result of A. craccivora K.

The current study aims to assess the impacts of improper use and conduct of antibiotics on environmental sustainability as well as human health and the community perceptions in KSA towards such issues adopting the Eastern province as a case study. The study involved a sample of 325 individuals that were randomly selected and surveyed from the community of the province. They questionnaires were explicitly designed on basis of direct contact and interviews. Obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software program following proper statistical formats. The findings of the study revealed that most of the respondents were unprivileged in their perceptions to proper use and conduct of antibiotics, knowledge about use guidelines, and the negative impact of antibiotic misuses and misconducts on environment, with a high correlation value (r2=0.872). Thus, there are sincere needs to a strategy to improve their concepts towards such aspects. The proposed strategy ought to involve extensive extension programs and setting and implementing legislations to regulate handling processes of antibiotics in the country. Success of these legislations however requires full collaboration between all related sectors. It is therefore conceived that these findings are valuable to sustain the environment in the KSA in line with the national 2030 strategy.

The potential effects of using organic agro-waste as bioremediation material for the detoxification of crude oil contaminated soil from Agip crude oil spill sites at Abecheke Ohaji-Egbema local government area of Imo state was carried out. Cassava and Plantain peels were used by either addition of Cow dung, Poultry droppings or Pig slurry as inoculants. The blending ratio for the samples are A (Soil 2kg, Cassava 3kg, Pig slurry 0.5kg), B (Soil 1.5kg, Cassava 1.5kg, Poultry droppings 0.5kg) C (Soil 1.5kg, Cassava 3kg, Cow dung 0.5kg), D (Soil 2kg, Plantain 3kg, Pig slurry 0.5kg) and sample E (Untreated contaminated sample) which served as control. The samples were isolated into four different zip lock nylon and left for 90 days after which the samples were analyzed for some selected physico-chemical properties. The total hydrocarbon content of the samples reduced from 3657mg/kg in the untreated soil sample to 1282mg/kg in the decreasing order of (E>D>C>B>A) due to the metabolic activities of living organisms involved in the biodegradation process. The mineralization activities of the biodegradation organism improved the pH, nitrogen, moisture and organic carbon content of the treated samples. Electrical conductivity, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and potassium were reduced due to their utilization by living organisms. The percentage of sand, silt and clay remained the same across all the samples except for percentage of sand in samples B and C that was slightly reduced while the percentage of clay and silt in sample B witnessed slight increment, the texture remained constant across board. Higher level of crude oil biodegradation occurred in cassava peels and pig slurry blend, therefore the use cassava peels mixed with other agro-waste should be encouraged as bioremediation agent of crude oil polluted sites.

Microorganisms is believed to be the causative agent of various problems in human health but with the development of microbiological techniques these problems could be prevented to some extent by researchers who have successfully developed pathways for the use of the microorganisms in ways beneficial for the society. Microorganisms and their microbial based products play an important role in enhancing plant growth and crop yield by several mechanisms such as antibiosis and plant-microbe interaction thereby increasing the demand in market and using microorganism as a biological control in agriculture. The increases in world population demands sustainable agricultural production but however over exploitation of crops lead to the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides resulting to a human health hazard. Microorganisms can be classified into two categories- some are beneficial microorganism that can improve agricultural production and some are negative microorganisms since they induce severe health problems.

Ganoderma lucidum (Ling Zhi), a basidiomycete white rot macrofungus has been used extensively for therapeutic use in China, Japan, Korea and other Asian countries for 2,000 years. Macrofungi are distinguished as important natural resources of immunomodulating and anticancer agents and with regard to the increase in diseases involving immune dysfunction, cancer, autoimmune conditions in recent years, applying such immunomodulator agents especially with the natural original is vital. In the last three decades, numerous polysaccharides and polysaccharide-protein complexes have been isolated from mushrooms and used as a source of therapeutic agents In the present study glucan was isolated from G. lucidum was isolated for studying its therapeutic properties. The fruiting bodies of G. lucidum were collected from the outskirts of Thrissur district, Kerala, South India. The type specimen was deposited in the herbarium of Center for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Chennai, India (HERB. MUBL. 3175). Glucan was isolated by the method of Mizuno with slight modification [1]. The confirmation of glucan was done by anthrone and phenol sulphuric acid test. Structural confirmation of glucan was done by infrared radiation (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum which were recorded at Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India. The molecular wt of glucan was determined by gel filtration chromatography. Identification of sugar components (complete hydrolysis and chromatography) was done by paper chromatography. In the HNMR spectrum, H.sup.-1 signals were observed at less than 4.8 ppm (4.762, 4.683, 4.667, 4.658, 4.402 ppm), which suggest that component sugars have beta configuration. From gel filtration chromatography, the molecular weight of BG was found to be 1.5×106 Daltons. The Rf values of monosaccharides D-glucose, D-fructose, D-galactose, D-mannose and D-rhamnose were 0.47, 0.54, 0.44, 0.53 and 0.65 respectively. Comparing the Rf values, the sugar present in the Ganoderma glucan was found to be glucose, mannose and rhamnose.

In this expeditiously era, strong waste management issues rose to new rights of common interest in few regions of the India because of increasing strong waste production, reducing management capacity, rusting disposal costs, and open enemies to the sitting of current management facilities. Moreover, Poor solid waste management will cause a slew of issues in terms of health, environment, and socio – economics [1]. In addition, difficulties in controlling SWM have resulted in improper waste disposal methods, such as open dumping and open burning of waste, which are adversely affect the ecology. The rising managing waste appropriately is crucial for establishing sustainable and habitable cities, though it remains a challenge for many developing nations and cities. Effective waste management is wealthy, much containing 20%-50% of domestic budgets. Running the important domestic service requires intergraded systems that are effective, sustainable and socially supported. The goal of this paper is to have sustainable solid waste management, so estimates have been made that project waste generation per capita per day in Surat in the form of bio-degradable, non-biodegradable, and recyclable wastes in the next 30 years, as well as how these wastes can be treated in the form of compost, biofuel, fuel pallets, and generating power from waste. It gives an overview of solid waste management in the world, India, and Surat, as well as how to address the problem by offering sustainable Solid Waste Management.

Introduction: Snoring endangers the health and can lead to the emergence or worsening of existing diseases, such as high blood pressure and heart attack. There are numerous surgical and non-surgical treatment options for snoring and snoring apnea syndrome (SAS). All surgical and conservative treatments do not address the cause of snoring, only the symptom. Gaumfit® is the first device that treats 90% of the causes of snoring.
Aim: To verify that primary snoring improves when the oral musculature is trained by the Gaumfit® exercise device. Method: In a retropspective analysis on 100 test persons (83 males and 17 females) the effectiveness of the innovative concept of Gaumfit® exercise device was analyzed. The subjects wore Gaumfit® for 3x10 minutes a day(!) and were interviewed after four weeks.
Results: Snoring was reduced in 94 out of 100 subjects. This represents a success rate of 94%. This finding is highly significant (p=0.008). It felt more rested in the morning 79% of Gaumfit® users. 94 subjects used Gaumfit® during the four weeks and rated the innovated therapy method with the predicate “good” (school grade 1.95).  
Conclusion: The oral muscle training device Gaumfit® significantly strengthens the palatal and tongue muscles and is therefore suitable to alleviate primary snoring.

Globalisation is making the threats we face more intertwined. In addition to the COVID-19 outbreak crossing international borders, South Africa is experiencing devastating floods. Despite its diversity, it has affected everyone, regardless of nationality, education level, income level, and gender. Despite this, the repercussions have disproportionately impacted the most disadvantaged. Education is no different. With the help of parents coupled with the desire to learn, students from wealthy homes may be able to make their way past restricted higher education institutes to other learning prospects. When institutions shifted fully online, those from low-income families were disadvantaged. These disasters have brought several shortcomings and inequities in our educational institutions, ranging from a scarcity of access to the internet, connectivity issues, and computers required for online learning to the absence of supportive surroundings needed to engage with learning to a mismatch of resources and necessities.

Biodiesel is relatively higher corrosive compare to Diesel. Biodiesel is self-oxidation in nature. The current investigations are to determine the tribological and corrosive behavior of biodiesel and their dual biodiesel emulsified fuel blend on CI engine vital parts (i.e., Piston, Valves, Cylinder liner, Cylinder head, Fuel pump, Bearings). The emulsified fuel was made from dual biodiesel (i.e., Neem and Palm) with Diesel and water. The tribological and corrosive effects were performed on metal surfaces of Copper, Aluminum, and Iron. These metals were selected based on the base composition of engine vita parts. A static immersion test was conducted for corrosion for 150 days at room temperature and for tribology, a pin-on-disc apparatus test was performed. These test also includes scanning electron microscopic, weight, dimension and physical visualization analysis of corroded and wornout metal surfaces. To identify the cause of the corrosion, wear on the metal surface, the Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry test has been conducted. This test will also help to determine the chemical composition of the test fuels. It has been observed that biodiesels have good anti-wear properties in comparison to Diesel and emulsified fuel. On the other hand, Diesel and emulsified fuel show good corrosive properties compare to biodiesels.

The ultimate goal of any brand is to get positive responses from customers both emotionally and behaviorally for its marketing activities. This study examined how gamified interactions on health and fitness applications impacted consumers’ purchase intentions and assessed the role of positive emotions and brand engagement in developing this relationship. Data were collected from users of health and fitness apps through a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using the partial least square structural equation modelling technique. The findings suggest a strong indirect relationship between gamification and purchase intention. The study also found positive emotions and brand engagement to be significant sequential mediators of the gamification-purchase intention relationship.

Water studies are widespread globally, and the methods are various kinds of technology. Some researchers study soft X-ray emission spectrometer [1], neutron diffraction [2], Raman scattering spectroscopy [3], Fourier transfer infrared spectra (FTIR) [4]. Those studies are mostly on H₂O or any substance’s compound with water. The contents are a structure like an angle of the O-H bond in the water molecule. Some interesting issues include hydrogen cation [5], Rydberg, and valence-shell character in H₂ [6].

Our health on the earth has been threatened since the middle of the 1990s. Mostly, Flood and droughts due to climate change also affect the food supply in agriculture. We need healthy soils, clean water, and sunlight as well known. On the other hand, they want enough harvest and efficiency in plant growth. However, they are also a necessary theme for everybody globally, and they fertilize and spray pesticides containing various chemical medicine. As a result, we may damage, and the risk will be spread because of scattering from the air. Therefore, what we take the balance of these themes must be an increasingly imminent issue. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to inform why we use SIGN water so that we can achieve decrease of the damages with agricultural chemicals, and good harvest to use it. Here, we propose the usage of pesticides as little as possible so that we reduce the effects on crops and soils with our pico-sized water.

Anaerobic digestion of degradable material yields biogas used as fuel and bio-slurry widely employed as organic fertilizer as well as chicken and fish supplements. The bio-slurry is rich in microbes which makes it applicable in the bio-remediation of persistent pollutants in soil. In the current research work, the bacterial forming unit was determined using the standard plate method at microbiology laboratory, University of Nairobi after-which the microbes in biogas bio-slurry was applied in microbial fuel cells bio-remediation of lambda cyhalothrin, malathion and chlorpyrifos. The bio-slurry was doped with 10 mL 10 ppm pesticide solution and subjected to voltage generation via a H-shaped dual chamber microbial fuel cell for a 90 days’ retention period. Daily voltage and current were recorded using a multi-meter while pesticide levels were determined using GC-MS after QuEChERS method extraction. The microbial counts result showed a 3.15±0.01 * 10¹⁰ CFU/ml from the biogas bio-slurry sample. The observed maximum voltage in bio-slurry was 0.568 V in day 28 while the maximum generated voltage on doping the biogas bio-slurry with the chlorpyrifos, lambda cyhalothrin, malathion and the pesticides mix (CLM) were 0.551, 0.565, 0.538 and 0.533 V respectively. The bio-degradation levels achieved were 73.40% malathion, 87.70% chlorpyrifos while no lambda cyhalothrin was detected on the 90^th day of incubation.

Evening snacks are as important as other meals of the day to meet the energy requirement of one third day of the day. Even after full we craved for snacks. We room into kitchen to satisfy our taste buds. Just last evening I got a client he was so curious for snacks he was so worried if can’t take this and that then what should I eat for snacking. Frustration is quite conspicuous. So, this write up is all about evening snacks for heart patients. Here are some easy and simple oil free and less oil snacks for heart patients.

Since human beings are born, the oral tissues are exposed to constant aggressions, from the external and internal environment. What the body, from its perfection, as long as it remains in balance, is capable of defending itself against harmful agents. Over the years, these defenses decrease physiologically.

The sedentary way of life and culture (from the Latin culter – part of the plow) arose about 8,000 BC from the dark (seed of Good sprouting in the darkness of Hades) deposits of the Nile (Arabic khem alchemy, chemistry), Euphrates, Tigris, Indus, Ganges and Yangtze ... 

Research in solar ponds have been on an increasing trend in recent times as an alternative for fast depleting non-renewable source of energy. Solar ponds are artificial saline water holding structures which are capable of retaining heat in the saline molecules. A suitable thermo electric generator is capable of extracting power from these ponds. A miniature solar pond has been taken up for experimentation and output power quality improvement has been achieved by reducing the total harmonic distortion using an adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system. Experimental results justify power quality improvement using the proposed learning based approach.

Cancer is the second most fatal disease faced by Indians and it takes the lives of around 2.5 million people annually. Around 70% of the cases have been treated but survival rates remain diminished. Indian context dictates that the most prominent cancers have been lung cancer, breast cancer, stomach and cervical cancer and are attributed to poor to moderate living conditions, improper dietary and lifestyle choices, inadequate medical facilities and pollution. Hence, India faces a grave public health concern in the form of cancer with growing pollution and attitudinal shifts in the population.

Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is a potential producer of lipids, alcohols, and biofuels. Genome-scale models (GSM) has been used to examine potential knockout to optimize specific metabolite (such as, ethanol) production. Besides from a metabolic production perspective, GSMs can also be used examine the effects of genes from the perspective of genotype-phenotype relationship. However, most GSMs are reaction-based rather than gene-based. Hence, GSMs can be used for reactome-phenome mapping where each reaction may be the result of one or more genes. In this study, we examine the reactome-phenome map of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 using its GSM model, iJN678, by performing single knockouts to each of its 863 reactions. Our results suggest that 37.3% to 39.7% (322 to 343 reactions) of the knockouts have minimal impact on the phenome as they were clustered together with wildtype phenotype and 53.5% (462 reactions) are essential. The rest of the 58 to 79 reactions can be clustered into 9 to 33 phenotypic clusters. Moreover, the fluxome variation within wildtype cluster is significantly larger than that of essential reaction cluster (t ≥ 3.26, p-value ≤ 1.3E-3). This suggests that individual reaction knockout may have measurable effects on the fluxes; which may be useful in metabolic engineering.

As worldwide turbulences and disruptions amass, focus on human sciences should remain at the core of interest of the scientists. Uncertainty, and depleted resources can sometimes distract human advancement, but this should not be the case, especially when human well-being is at stake. Thus, scientific dialogue and research is now, more than ever, a crusade to be encouraged by the scientific community. Experts in Microbial pathogenesis, Clinical microbiology to name but a few have a substantial role in addressing pandemics like the COVID-19 that human race is still enduring. Wisdom of crowds should be solicited and encouraged though respected research and publication to forecast and predict future pandemic for better preparedness. Marine, aquatic, and environmental microbiology, and ionizing radiation and nuclear microbiology effects are also pushing their way to the forefront as priorities in response to the state of war between Russia and Ukraine. Historically, world turbulences have hampered human wellbeing research while other areas of innovation and research like weapon of nuclear destruction were funded and well supported. Scientists and researchers should not fall victims of world turbulences again and should remain focused not losing the momentum of advancing research for human well-being. Medicon Microbiology (MCMI) is the ideal platform to facilitate peer-reviewed open-access space to support researchers and scientists in publishing expert analysis. Medicon Microbiology (MCMI) editorial board wishes to extend gratitude to experts input of authors and is confident that the esteemed reader would benefit and consider partaking a role in the betterment of human sciences and wellbeing. 

Inspired by the water-repellent and self-cleaning properties of the lotus leaf in the natural world, artificial superhydrophobic surfaces have generated extensive attention in academia and industry. Hydrophobicity and the sliding behavior of waterdrops is a very important phenomenon in our daily life as well as in many industrial processes. However, the difference between these two phenomena is not well understood. This study was performed to predict movement of waterdrop on surfaces of silicone sheet and was focused on interface resistive forces between waterdrop and surfaces. Various hydrophobic sheets having different the waterdrop contact ratio (the ratio of the contact area between the waterdrop and the sheet) were prepared. And the relationships between the sliding angles, the sliding velocities and the surface structure were investigated. Equation of motion is used to calculate the interface resistive forces from the sliding angle and the sliding velocities. As the result of calculation, interface resistive forces between waterdrop and the surfaces are equivalent to force of the gravity. The interface resistive forces decrease with decreasing the waterdrop contact ratio. Sliding velocities seems to affect interface resistive forces. This research clarifies that sliding velocity and interface resistive forces are related to positive correlation by the waterdrop contact ratio. The relationship may help prediction of movement of drops on surfaces.

Digital dentistry has grown in popularity over the last two decades, with applications in crowns, bridges, inlays, onlays, and prosthetic rehabilitation of facial defects. The first 3D printer machine was in late 1980, during this time increased of using of 3D printer in medical field. Stereolithography (SLA) is a 3D printing technique that uses a computer to control the movement of a laser beam. CAD/CAM milling can be used for dry or wet milling restoration with high aesthetic value. CAD/CAM milling makes communication with labs easier and faster than traditional methods.

In this case report a partially edentulous 54 years old, non-smoker and female patient with bilateral atrophic posterior maxilla ranging from 1 to 10 mm residual bone height below the sinus cavity, has been treated performing minimally invasive surgery under a certain new protocol with simultaneous placement of implants. Contrast to traditional utilization of Sinus Floor Elevation (Crestal or Lateral approach without perforating the Schneiderian membrane), this innovative protocol - named “IPG-DET Technique” - introduces the sinus membrane intentional perforation as an alternative. The intentional perforation (flapless or not) combined with an autologous biomaterial (CGF-CD34+Matrix), an alloplastic bone grafting material followed by immediate implantation into the sinus has been proven a safe and stable solution with long-term prognosis. A pair of Cone Beam Computed Tomography images taken before and with (8) months post-surgery has shown significant new bone formation around the implants placed with the “IPG-DET Technique”. The proposed method results simple, safe, less painful and cost-effective solution that may change completely the conventional treatment plan and strategy for the exact position and the procedure used to place implants in the posterior region of the maxilla, especially in cases of severe atrophy and sinus pneumatization.

So you wake up in the morning with a sore tooth? This might be accompanied by a general feeling of discomfort. You probably have tooth sensitivity, which is when your teeth are sensitive to hot or cold foods and liquids. The causes of tooth sensitivity are diverse, so it’s important to know how to treat it and when to see your dentist. That being said, here’s what you need to know about tooth sensitivity.

The challenges of the global economy are increased between the repercussions of the Covid-19 pandemic, and an unprecedented inflationary wave that intensified in the wake of the Russian-Ukrainian crisis. The continuous of this war raises fears of an outbreak of a food crisis in several Arab countries, which depended for their imports of grain - especially wheat - on Russia and Ukraine; Due to the low prices in these two countries. Consequently, these countries turn to other countries to import these crops, such as: the United States or Canada and also the countries of Latin America, which leads to raising their prices, due to the distance, especially since the price of oil is high, which is reflected in the cost of transporting goods between countries. The end of food security for Arab countries.

The Personality pattern and coping skill both are very important aspects for a dancer because these characteristics support them to resolve the stress of stage performance in front of the audience or if doing any mistakes in the dance. The main aim of the present study is to analyze and compare the personality pattern, coping strategies of Indian classical dancers (Bharatnatyam Dancers) and Contemporary dancers. The sample size was 90, divided into 3 groups, i.e., Indian classical Dance Group (Bharatnatyam Dancers), Contemporary Dance Group, and Control group (non-dancer). Each group consisted of 30 female participants, age ranging between 19 to 22 years, selected from different established dance institutes across Kolkata. The NEO Five factor Inventory- Revised (Costa, Robert & Mc.Crae, 1991) and Coping Checklist II (Rao, Subbakrishna, and Prabhu,1989) were administered to the participants. For data analysis, descriptive statistics (mean, SD), Inferential Statistics (ANOVA one way and Post Hoc- Turkey Tests) and product moment correlation were applied. Results – 1) Indian classical dance Group (Bhartanatyam Dancers) is using a significantly greater amount of agreeableness, conscientiousness, religion & faith coping strategies, and social support seeking coping strategies. 2) Contemporary Dance Group is using a significantly greater amount of extraversion, openness and acceptance coping strategies.

Centella asiatica (L.) is a perennial, climbing plant, barely fragrant and an expensive therapeutic herb worldwide. It is commonly disseminated all the way through humid and subtropical provinces. The appliance of Centella in foodstuff and beverages has improved in modern era due to its favourable functional properties. The plant and its synthetic constituents are recurrently utilized for the therapy of several nootropic disorders, cognitive disorder, platelets conglomeration, burn wounds, hypertonic scars, insomnia, psoriasis, skin cell reconstruction and curing. Centella determines the greater part of its pharmacological actions from four foremost bioactive triterpene glycosides specifically, asiatic acid, asiaticoside, madecassoside and madecassic acid (termed as centellosides). This current search have another look at focuses to impart inclusive information on pharmacology, various preclinical and clinical studies, safety precautions, mechanisms of action and present research scenario of the herb.

The Covid 19 pandemic has affected every aspect of our lives and changed the way the world works, and also changed people’s perspective on health systems so far. Patients stay away from hospitals, hinder their checkups during this time, and cause significant diagnosis or treatment delays [1]. People who do not know how to deal with such a shocking disaster and seek alternative solutions were easy prey for pseudo-scientists. Who uses the reputation and power of medical science and thus gains trust, serves their own personal interests and disregards public health by trying to sell some herbal mixtures and homeopathic pseudo-drugs. Thus, modern and accurate health care was blocked or delayed more in many scenarios; the problems caused by the pandemic have deepened, and inequalities in health have increased more and more. As this whole process and short-term results show, the most critical way to deal with all developments in life is to be on the path of science. Because even against a virus effective enough to affect the world and cause a pandemic, four different vaccines were developed for coronavirus, a little more than a year after the first case of COVID-19 was identified [2]. This alone is a glorious victory for the medical and scientific community worldwide.

To deploy the 5G mobile network, operators must install tens of thousands of new antennas. They are one of the major technological developments of 5G. For 5G, as for all other generations of mobile networks, antennas are an essential support. They are the ones that relay and transmit the signal. Without antennas, there are no waves, and therefore no 5G network. In order for the new 5G mobile network to work, operators must deploy tens of thousands of new antennas. Indeed, 5G antennas are totally different from 4G antennas. And, they contain some of the major technological innovations of 5G, which give the new mobile network its uniqueness. They are called Massive Mimo, beamforming, Small cells [1].

Microgrid (MG) is a new form of electrical power grid, combined from different Distribution Sources, MGcan work as a power source or power load in two different operation mode: grid-connected mode and stand-alone mode, one of the main challenges which can be faced in the stand-alone mode is achieving the power balance between the produced power by MG sources and consumed power by MG loads, Load Shedding (LS) is a strategy which can be used for accomplish that balance. This paper emphasis an Intelligent Load Shedding based Fuzzy Logic Control (ILSF), Due to the benefits of Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC), it’s used for controlling the shedding process of different MG loads according to the Solar Power Forecasting Data. The proposed control system procedures are illustrated and simulated, the results demonstrate the robustness and flexibility of ILSF system.

This article proposes an improved extraction feature for lower limb knee abnormality prediction application using surface EMG raw data. Public UCI dataset is chosen for system evaluation, where each subject was informed to perform three different motions of walking, standing up, and sitting down. In feature extraction, EMG spectrograms are derived using Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT), power spectrum of range 10-250 Hz is chosen, then, the linear coefficients of EMG power spectrum for each frequency bin during time are extracted as a final feature of size 30x2. For system prediction, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with other two common machine learning classifiers were constructed. The proposed system experiments proves that EMG signals of Semitendinosus(ST) muscle with CNN classifier produces the highest accuracy of 95%.

There is an engineer in Changqing Oilfield, his name is Sun Jiajun. In February of this year, his paper titled “Applying Human-Machine-Environment System Engineering to Create a New World in Changqing Oilfield” was published by the Medicom Engineering Journal. This paper uses the perspective of a witness and applies the famous scientist Qian Xuesen. A theory founded by leading my country’s aerospace science and technology personnel - Human-Machine-Environmental System Engineering, provides a theory, data and a high degree of explanation for the fact that Changqing Oilfield has achieved leapfrog growth in oil and gas production over the past ten years; In March of this year, his other paper titled “Universality, Major Harm and Deep Causes of Irrational Engineering Duration” was published again by the Medicon Engineering Journal. A comprehensive commentary with a theoretical framework is given on historical achievements, huge progress and realistic gaps; for the irrational engineering construction period problem of the infrastructure maniac, its historical reasons are analyzed, its universality is pointed out, and the causes of the problem are analyzed. The hazard is quantitatively analyzed, and the underlying reasons for the existence of the problem and the path selection to promote its improvement are pointed out at the same time.

“Social engineering (SE) is the art of operating people into performing actions or divulging confidential information”. It is unique of the best creative and active means of achievement access to secure systems and gaining sensitive information up till now wants negligible technical knowledge. SE does not certainly need a big amount of official information in instruction to be successful. SE depends on person’s psychology such as interest, courteousness, unwariness, greed, inattentiveness, wariness, and indifference. This paper shows the state of the art attacking methods especially SE and its countermeasures that will help the user be more secure and aware of these attacks.

This my second research letter in continuation of first one based on NFI. And here further I am expanding it with Application “Bumanoid”. Let me first recall you again “Natural Farmed Intelligence (NFI)” than after approach how to Bumanoid possible using NFI. As using material physics and electronics we mimic and engineer A.I from N.I with the help of neuroscience equally true and possible using Biology, Synthetic Biology and Neuroscience we mimic and engineer N.I itself to form External N.I that is similar like our human brain with N.I inside our skull can we able to farm same biological brain outside the human body using “Brain Cells” and the answer is Big “Yes”. Even researchers in “Petri Dish” also known as Petri Plate/Cell-culture Dish widely used in all walks of biological experiments to store, manipulate, engineer and performance check of cells, hence Brain cells manipulated and engineered in Petri Dish to form Human Brain like Natural Intelligence (N.I). This farmed neural schema in Petri Dish is N.I which is the great contribution to mankind and reported this little brain cells in Petri dish programmed and learn to them few games and results astonish its play the game 10 times faster than Artificial Intelligence. Hence today humankind just engineered and stored single “Neural Schema” network of brain cells and learn them to play chess which beat to A.I as one small unit in Petri Dish will be tomorrow hopes to farm complete human brain (N.I) outside using synthetic biology and I named the technology “Natural Farmed Intelligence (NFI)”. When mankind got success to farm NFI means got success to fabricate “External Biological/Natural Human Brain outside the skull and human body with full fledge and exact same abilities, efficiencies, capabilities and activities like our brain inside the body in near future and we just need either Biological or Electronic-Mechanical Human-like to fix this NFI-Brain inside and wired it with body I named the outcome Bumanoid”. After the success of NFI-Brain two types of its implementation possible to serve as “Bumanoid (Biologically-Humanoid)”. The first one for this externally farmed natural intelligence NFI-Brain we engineer and farm Biological organs, human body parts and complete human body structure using “Human Anatomy, DNA studies and Synthetic Biology and synch NFI Brain inside with it to activate and functional body as “Bumanoid”. This type of Bumanoid exactly look like human beings and difficult to recognize. The second one is using Artificial Intelligence (AI) we are reaching to success in Humanoid Robots here we can reengineer Humanoid instead of AI based brain and replacement , synch and wired NFI-Brain inside in Humanoid Robots called them Bumanoid which are easily recognize and distinguish from Human.

Today’s near future and far future all technologies centrally based on “ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE” (Man Made) and becoming more and more precise and accurate everyday as compare to human “NATURAL INTELLIGENCE” (God Made) though human invented, engineered and implement A.I as its pioneer. In every field A.I (Man Made) beat to N.I (God Made) as we realized and surrounded with minor to minor and major to major A.I based Computing, Communication, Mobiles, Internet, Internet of Everything with smart A.I Processed and controlled devices having RFIDs in Ubiquitous communication network, space science, medical robotics, industrial robotics, electronic automation, smart appliances and Humanoid robotics. One day might be condition would be A.I programme itself according its need of execution and ruled on N.I that means on Human Civilization also called “Robotics Violence”. More and more miniaturized A.I chip perform thousand times greater operations/tasks/processes from it’s previous due to the Nanotechnology and advanced Electronics. Hence A.I is good but equally bad for mankind and even till date we are on just trial basis to implement human-like “Robotics Emotions” in A.I, Bionic Brain and Humanoid. Therefore today I am diverting my readers from A.I to towards “Synthetic Biology”, “Human Biology” and “Neuroscience”. We much familiar with Biology and Neuroscience but let me explain in brief about synthetic biology or SynBio is “a multidisciplinary domains of research integrated/cascade with atoms/cells manipulation to form/farm/ fabricate new biological devices, systems and parts or to reengineer and make more effective systems, parts those are already available in nature using biotechnology, genetic engineering, molecular biology, system biology, biophysics, membrane science, molecular engineering, chemical, biological, mechanical, computer and nanotechnology engineering’s”. Now what is my intention to discuss above here as likewise using material physics and electronics we mimic and engineer A.I from N.I with the help of neuroscience equally true and possible using Biology, Synthetic Biology and Neuroscience we mimic and engineer N.I itself to form External N.I that is similar like our human brain with N.I inside our skull can we able to farm same biological brain outside the human body using “Brain Cells” and the answer is Big “Yes”. Even researchers in “Petri Dish” also known as Petri Plate/Cell-culture Dish widely used in all walks of biological experiments to store, manipulate, engineer and performance check of cells , hence Brain cells manipulated and engineered in Petri Dish to form Human Brain like Natural Intelligence (N.I). This farmed neural schema in Petri Dish is N.I which is the great contribution to mankind and reported this little brain cells in Petri dish programmed and learn to them few games and results astonish its play the game 10 times faster than Artificial Intelligence. Hence today humankind just engineered and stored single “Neural Schema” network of brain cells and learn them to play chess which beat to A.I as one small unit in Petri Dish will be tomorrow hopes to farm complete human brain (N.I) outside using synthetic biology and I named the technology “Natural Farmed Intelligence (NFI)”.

This reflection arises from a look at the African landscape, the mountains and their ecosystems, the agriculture, the heritage, communities and identity. This is about the landscape, which integrates man and territory, and its multifunctionality that includes the production system (agriculture), protection (ecosystems, flows and ecological processes) and the cultural system (communities and the way they build space). This set constitutes a complex and relational system resulting in the identity of a region and the communities that inhabit it.
The excessive exploitation of natural resources and the tendency towards the growth of an economy based on tourism, causes the transformation of the landscape to occur in the sense of losing its character, its culture and, consequently, its identity. 
The objective of this work is to identify invariants of this landscape, which can be considered in future proposals for planning and management plans for this area, in order to preserve the Gurué landscape and its identity. 
Through an analysis of the existing cartography and bibliography, the natural systems, their flows and processes and thecultural and heritage elements of this area were first identified and characterized. Based on this diagnostic phase, invariant elements (either natural or cultural) that determine the culture and identity of this landscape and must therefore be safeguarded and maintained, were identified. The guidelines appear later, in this sense - the preservation of fundamental values in the culture and identity of Namúli Mount and the landscape of Gurué, where it is inserted.

In today’s online learning environment, plagiarism detection tools are increasingly used by teachers and instructors to restrain students from plagiarism. Moreover, need for plagiarism detection tools to detect plagiarism in programming assignments has also increased manifolds. In this paper, we present the application of Neo4j Graph Databases to detect similarity between Java program submissions by students, in academics. This is done by converting a Java program into a specialized dependency graph and then implementing various comparison techniques on this graph. The two graph comparison techniques proposed and implemented in this paper are based on structural comparison of graphs by node-type count comparison and elemental comparison of method nodes in graphs by body-element-count comparison. The results of these two techniques are combined with the call graph-based technique, proposed in an earlier work, to calculate overall similarity index between program codes. This study captures a large category of changes that may be introduced to the code for plagiarism. 

This literature review aims to analyse the latest research in phytohormones (specifically salicylic acid (SA)) and their application for managing biotrophic pathogens as a safe and economical alternative to synthetic fungicides in an agricultural context. It was found that salicylic acid does induce significant protection from fungal pathogens, particularly when combined with Bacillus subtilis.

The autumn armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda is a fall armyworm moth species identified by its larval stage. It belongs to the Lepidoptera order. The term army worm may refer to a wide range of species, although it’s most usually used to characterise the larval stage’s widespread intrusive habit. It’s classified as a pest because it can hurt or destroy a wide range of crops, causing severe financial losses. The fall armyworm, which is a member of the Lepidoptera order and the Noctuidae family, is more common at different periods of the year than the standard armyworm. The armyworm’s principal feeding sources are grasses and field crops like maize, although it has been observed eating over 80 other plants, 50 of which are non-economic and 30 of which are economically valuable.

Research has been carried out to determine the potential milling properties of grinding lots of durum wheat grain of 4 operating large milling enterprises. The grinding of the initial samples was carried out according to a developed technological scheme with the inclusion of 6 torn, 2 sieve and 3 grinding systems, as well as a grinding system. According to the results of the research, it can be established that out of the four submitted samples of grinding parties of operating flour mills for processing grain of durum wheat, the sample from the Oryol region has the best flour-grinding properties, in which the total yield of flour for pasta was 83.8%, including ... 63.2% of the highest grade flour 20.6% of the second grade flour and 16.2% of bran. The modes of extraction of intermediate products of processing of grinding lots of durum wheat were: on the first torn system 19.5-26.2%, on the second torn system - 50.0-58.9% and on the third torn system - 40.3-52, eight%.
The largest yield of large-scale products and flour of the 2nd grade was obtained from the grinding batch of durum wheat grain of the flour mill located in the Oryol region, which amounted to 80.7%, and the smallest - from the flour mill located in the Moscow region, which amounted to 71.1%.

The coastal area has experienced critical changes of waste issues throughout recent years. Hence, this study means to review individuals’ points of view on the elements of waste in coastal regions and our goal is to make an essential that intend to manage the plastic contamination that addresses a major test for beach front urban areas, and to diminish the utilization of plastics in the public area to make urban areas liberated from plastic. Plastic marine litter is a worldwide natural issue with things of floating in water and affecting environments. Plastic has unfortunate results for untamed life, for economies and more on to human wellbeing. Plastic requests for earnest requirement for activity on a worldwide scale as it influences the marine climate. Fumble of strong waste is a grave concern whenever observed can assist with lessening plastic marine litter. Beachfront urban communities are situated on the connection point or change regions among land and ocean, including huge inland lakes. The marine climate incorporates the waters of oceans and estuaries, the seabed and its soils, and all marine natural life and its ocean and waterfront territories. The marine climate is an indispensable asset for life on earth. Marine environments play out various key natural capacities - they manage the environment, forestall disintegration, and circulate sunlight based energy, assimilate carbon dioxide, and keep up with organic control. The recognizable proof of the beginning of the plastics that arrive at the coast is by all accounts of vital significance. This article plans to safeguard the climate and advance asset effectiveness, can go past the issues of beach front zones, for example, distinguishing areas of action subject to a critical utilization of plastics and the objective that is being given. Making successful metropolitan waste administration frameworks is quite possibly the main activity to forestall plastic contamination. Deficient and overpowered seepage frameworks, open unloading, littering, and flood/overflow at assortment
focuses and landfills are the fundamental drivers of land-based plastics spilling into waterways and marine conditions. In this review, future drives are worked to framework for assortment, decrease and isolation of waste at the source should zero in on sea shores. To resolve the issue of plastic contamination in the marine climate, legislatures should initially assume a functioning part in resolving the issue of plastic waste by acquainting regulation with control the wellsprings of plastic trash and the utilization of plastic added substances.

Is important to bear in mind that the company may be within of a market with the different product and service, need to know, which is what the consumer wants or what you are looking wing when purchasing a product or service, these, which must have strategies to fully satisfy customer needs and achieve the objectives and targets in the company. The service sector is of great importance in the global economy, because the services are found in all parties, is for a medical consultation, restaurant, travel, daily transportation, school or university, at the supermarket or market. From there, the importance of knowing a little about the marketing of services.
Use the marketing services to increase sales and must be designed and offered in such a way that meets customer needs.

The monopoly in the field of studying the cardinal problems concerning the optimization of controlling activities and the complex security of human vital functions in all its spheres of being for a long time used to belong to psychology. But during the last decades of the 20th century a new conception has arrived - that is: for solving such global problems we need to organize complex scientific research, based on the interconnection of different sciences. Carrying out these kinds of researches is making absolutely new requirements to the methodology, and at the same time forming new kinds of approaches for solving the methodological problems.

The Revitalarised Transitional Government of National Unity of South Sudan formed in January, 2020 creates a peaceful space and environment to increase economic growth, reconstruction and resilience in South Sudan. About 90% of the total area is arable, with 50% considered as good and prime agricultural land. Out of the total prime agricultural land, only about 5% is currently being utilised and 12-15% is covered by arid and semi- arid lands (ASALs). Livestock has been listed to have a great potential in addition to the agricultural productivity in to contribute to the economic wealth and GDP of South Sudan. Over the years, the severity and occurrence of droughts have increased and their effects are exacerbated by the increasing wonders of unreliable rainfalls, land degradation, global warming and climate change. These circumstances have created conditions of chronic vulnerability in the country with persistent food insecurity, widespread economic hardships, conflicts, migration and unspeakable human sufferings, all affecting the pastoral and agro-pastoral communities that inhabit the ASALs. 

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a mysterious spiral bacterium that is colonized as gastric-flora in 50% of the world’s population [1]. Introduction of this bacterium in 1982 by Barry Marshall and Robin Warren was one of the most revolutionary discoveries in the field of gastroenterology; Todays, H. pylori is considered as the causative agent for chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric adenocarcinoma as well as extra-gastrointestinal diseases [2-3].

A field experiment was conducted on the Influence of Boron Molybdenum and Nickel on Biochemical traits and quality of blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) at Agricultural college farm, Bapatla during Rabi 2017-18 in randomized block design with eight treatments of micronutrient application viz., control (T₁), B (T₂), Mo (T₃), Ni (T₄), B+Mo (T₅), B+Ni (T₆), Mo+Ni (T₇) and B+Mo+Ni (T₈) replicated thrice. The results revealed that leghaemoglobin content in nodules, activity of urease in leaves and nodules and protein content in seed increased with B, Mo and Ni application individually and in combination. Activity of NR in leaves increased with T₂ to T₈ except Ni (T₄) application alone.

An animal is an ideal tool using a non-human species handed down in medical research because it can mimic the attitude of a disease found in humans. Animal models are used to bring to successful completion of the information about a disease and its avoidance, diagnosis, and treatment.

Viruses are smallest, ultramicroscopic, non-cellular, obligate intracellular infectious agents that cannot reproduce outside their host cell. Their genome contains either DNA or RNA as genetic material. Their genome is enclosed in a protein shell known as capsid, which may be surrounded by a lipid containing membrane called envelope. The entire infectious unit is called “Virion”- an extracellular infectious virus particle. Viruses are connecting link between living and non livings because it act as non living particle outside the host cell while reproduce inside host cell like living organisms does.

In this world of growing competition and Google generation patients are aware about quality of dental services that should be provided to them. Hence, patient’s expectations have increased. 

Earlier, forces like corporate growth, medical tourism and insurance were only limited to Hospital industry, with the growing awareness of Dental health quality of Dental clinics is also taken under consideration by the patients.

The restoration of an endodontically treated central incisor is a major challenge to the clinician in his daily practice. In fact achieving a natural mimicry of the single maxillary central incisor restoration with the adjacent dentition is a real challenge. An anterior dental restoration must be able to restore proper function, aesthetics and confort for the patient. A large variety for aesthetic treatments in the anterior dentition from the less invasive to the most invasive, ; such as tooth bleaching, direct composite restorations, ceramic veneers or full coverage crowns.
The choice of the suitable treatment option depends on characteristics and severity of dental defects or tooth decay. Crowning an anterior too this indicated when there is extensive coronal destruction and we can’t do a direct restoration. In a recent systematic review, endodontically treated teeth restored with crowns had higher long-term survival after 10 years (81 ± 15%) compared to teeth without crowns (63 ± 15%) [14] This review also showed that the survival rate of crown-free root
fillings was satisfactory in the first three years (84% ± 9%), but decreased significantly after that [18]. Many materials can be used for crowns: metal, ceramics or zirconia.
Nowadays, the ceramic systems made it to restore the symmetry, color, shape and incisal translucency. This clinical report describes the treatment of a discolored and endodontically treated central incisors and to show the different guidelines to guarantee a natural mimicry using a zircon abased ceramic restoration.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic began at Wuhan in December 2019, and the World Health Organization designated it a public health emergency in 2020 [1-3]. Oral health care services were ignored by the public health organizations in developing nations and it is not an easy task to tackle the inequalities among the communities [4-5]. The purpose of this article is to raise awareness and explore the possible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on oral health disparities. 

A 3 Dimensional printing, also referred to as additive manufacturing is a process of making 3-D objects with the help of 3-D printers which forms the entire 3-D object by adding multiple layers to create the precise design [1, 2]. In cross section, each layer is represented as thin horizontal section of the object [3]. It is also known as rapid prototyping [4, 5]. Recently, 3-D printing is gaining popularity among various dental fields and is mainly focused in the field of oral surgery, prosthodontics, orthodontics and with less applications in periodontics and endodontics [6]. The first 3-D object was printed using Stereolithography (SLA) by Charles Hull in 1983 [7].

Sulfonamides, oxicam NSAIDs, allopurinol, aromatic anticonvulsants and anti-HIV drugs like nevirapine are all known to cause Stevens Johnson Syndrome. The severity of condition is determined by the amount of bodily surface area it affect and is called Stevens Johnson Syndrome(SJS)/Toxic Epidermal NecrolysisTEN or TEN in the appropriate case. SJS is treated by discontinuation of the causative medication, systemic steroids and supportive care. SJS as a result of azithromycin is a very uncommon event thus, we report on one such case which was successfully managed at our hospital.

Ectopic eruption is known as changing way of eruption the tooth does not follow normal course. Although ectopic eruption of tooth is not a common phenomenon, cases have been reported in the maxillary sinus, mandibular condyle, nasal cavity, chin. Owning to ectopic teeth’s scarcity, cases should be discussed. Odontogenic tumors and odontogenic cysts can result from ectopic tooth. Thus, ectopic teeth should be evaluated regularly as there is no symptoms. If the patient has orofacial pain, maxillary sinusitis and radiating pain, the patient should be examined regarding ectopic tooth.

In the history of medicine there have been many outbursts of morbid infectious diseases and it is challenging to every health care professional to reduce and prevent its burden. The field of Dentistry is always a source of high-risk infectious material generation owing to its professional nature. Most of the morbid infections are viral in origin and quite often transmit via droplet or aerosols. In this context, the field of Periodontology is not an exception. The recent pandemic spread of novel corona virus infectious disease (COVID-19) is alarming the community and has gained focus in terms of prevention at each echelon in the chain of transmission of infection. It becomes a mandatory duty as responsible clinicians in combating against the spread of such an infection.

Caries is considered as a biofilm-mediated, diet modulated, multifactorial, non-communicable, dynamic disease which results in a net mineral loss of dental hard tissues. It is influenced by biological, behavioral, psychosocial, and environmental factors [1]. This process is evident throughout life, both in primary as well as permanent teeth, causing damage to the clinical as well as exposed anatomical part of the tooth. Caries involving primary dentition is termed as early childhood caries, which involves the presence of one or more decayed (cavitated lesions or noncavitated), missing (due to caries), or filled tooth surfaces in a child under 6 years of age [2]. Dental caries usually results from microbiota especially S.mutans and S. sobrinus as initiating and lactobacillus as progressing species which cause metabolization of the sugars to produce acid, lowering the intra-oral pH, leading in a shift of balance towards loss of minerals of involved tooth structure [3]. Other factors include improper dietary and feeding practices, developmental enamel defects (enamel hypoplasia), systemic diseases (juvenile diabetes mellitus) and medications (containing sugar), socioeconomic and ethnic factors. These situations which prolong the event of demineralization eventually leads to breakdown hence, cavitation.

Recently, object detection has become one of the effective and popular trends in computer vision to deal with numerous applications such as in medical image processing of breast cancer, skin cancer, brain injuries, blood cells, and more. Also, it is used in video surveillance stations for real-time monitoring of crowd and anomaly detection. The application is widely used in satellite images and astronomy, fraud detection, and in the field of remote sensing to detect disaster-prone areas from satellite images so that important measures can be taken at the correct time to overcome or reduce the loss of life and property. For example, in medical applications earlier diagnosis procedures usually tend to figure out early diabetes, cancer and a few more diseases. Despite many existing object detection methods in state-of-the-art literature, it is getting harder to identify the best fit model for the specific application or dataset. Therefore, it is highly important and much needed to bring all the existing techniques to a single platform and mention their advantages and limitations. In this paper, a thorough literature review and comparison of various existing deep learning-based object detection methods are presented using three different parameters named mean average precision, frames per second, and data set used. Such information is useful for researchers and practitioners to identify the better approaches among the others easily according to the dataset in hand.

In the central area of the Bohai Oilfield including Bozhong block, the geological structure is complex, faults and fractures are extensively developed and the formation is broken. As consequence, there is leakage to some extent in most exploratory wells in Bozhong Block, significantly affecting the drilling efficiency and increasing drilling risks. The problem of well leakage in this block needs to be addressed urgently. For this purpose, the research group firstly researches into the wellbore leakage mechanism, and then establishes a regional leakage pressure prediction model by depiction of the main controlling factors of leakage and preliminarily obtains the following findings: (1) the leakage in Bozhong Block mainly occurs at the depth of 2700-3400m, with Member 2 and Member 3 of Shahejie Formation as the main leakage zones and the fractures and faults as the main leakage passages; (2) the fracture index that can most clearly reflect the well leakage characteristics in Bozhong Block is the fracture evaluation index obtained using the resistivity ratio method, and may be considered as a main controlling factor for evaluation of fractured leakage; (3) according to the statistics on leakage of 22 wells in Bozhong Block, there are nine wells with leakage, totaling 13 leakage points. Based on the statistics and modeling, a leakage pressure prediction model for this block is obtained preliminarily. The research on the leakage mechanism and leakage pressure prediction of fractured formation in Bozhong Block is helpful for reasonable optimization of borehole trajectory, improvement of leakage control of fractured reservoirs, reduction of drilling cost and raising of operation efficiency.

The study analyzed the effects of “Planting for Food and Jobs (PFJ) Program” on the technical efficiency of maize farmers in the Techiman North Municipality of Ghana. The study randomly selected 400 maize farmers to construct a three-year recall panel for 2017, 2018 and 2019 farming seasons. Both closed and open-ended questionnaires were used to elicit information from the respondents. The results from the inverse probability weighted regression adjustment (IPWRA) model signify that the PFJ program had a statistically significant positive effect on technical efficiency of maize farmers in the Techiman North Municipality. The study therefore, recommends that the PFJ program should be intensified as it improves technical efficiency of maize farmers in the Techiman North Municipality of Ghana. Again, restructuring of the national buffer stock company and the school feeding program will be a far better alternative in providing ready market to the farmers which helps reduces post-harvest losses.

Fish farming in general and fish spawning activities in particular depend on the size and quality of the productive inputs for these activities, and the impact of those inputs on the quantity of fish seed production in these hatcheries, Therefore, the research aimed in general to study the most important economic factors affecting the spawning activities of Nile tilapia fish in Kafr El-Sheikh governorate, By estimating the economic efficiency of hatcheries, Estimating and analyzing the items of production costs and determining their importance, And the research has an applied importance in guiding its results in raising the efficiency levels of using production inputs in hatcheries for the production of Nile tilapia fish, And the consequent increase in the production capacity of hatcheries in general.
     In achieving its objectives, the research relied on both the descriptive and quantitative methods of analysis in the interpretation and analysis of the economic variables under study, The research also relied on secondary data from the General Authority for Fish Resources Development, And primary data were collected from a sample of 30 fish hatcheries during 2021 in the Kafr El-Sheikh governorate.

The aim of this study is to assess the risk of car passengers in Dual Energy X-ray inspection devices and to determine the maximum number of passes through the system in a given amount of time. The MCNPX code was used to simulate a newly fabricated dual-energy X-ray car inspection device, which included an X-ray tube, detector arrays, and a rando phantom, to their exact specifications. A Rando phantom was placed in a car and TLD dosimeters were placed within different sections of the phantom for experimental dosimetry. The maximum equivalent dose was absorbed in the gastric, breast, and lungs in experimental results, while simulation results showed that this quantity belongs to bone surfaces and gastric. Based on simulation results and experimental dosimetry, the total equivalent dose of 155 kVp is 0.256 and 0.276 Sv, respectively, with a difference of 7%. The results showed that the MCNPX is suitable for dosimetry in this case. The system falls into the category of devices of limited utility, according to the ANSI standard. Anyone can move through this machine a maximum of 806, 66, and 15 times in a year, month, and week.

Objectives: Depression is the second leading cause of disability among elderly patients and negatively affects quality of life. This study aimed to explore the impact of a behavioural counselling intervention on elderly patients with depression in Oman. The hypothesis was that, as engagement with social support and activities increased, depression score would decline. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study included 16 elderly patients attending the elderly outpatient clinic of Al Ghubra Health Centre, a primary health care (PHC) institution in Muscat, Oman. All patients had been diagnosed with depression using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Each patient underwent short weekly behavioural counselling sessions involving cognitive behavioural therapy, problem-solving therapy and interpersonal therapy over a period of four months. Pre-and post-intervention GDS-15 scores were compared to assess the impact of the intervention using a paired sample t-test. Results: There was a significant reduction in mean GDS-15 score following the intervention (mean score: 8.63 ± 3.18 versus 6.00 ± 3.69; P <0.001). Moreover, the mean number of weekly social activities increased from 0.75 ± 0.93 to 5.50 ± 2.92. Conclusion: The findings of this study support the implementation of brief, cost-effective behavioural counselling interventions at PHC institutions in Oman in order to prevent or reduce depression among the elderly.

Efforts to improve prevention and cure are commendable. Many concepts have been introduced and implemented for this purpose. However, improving the effectiveness of existing medicines remains a challenge for research. Permissible medicine “Halalopathy” offers a new perspective to prevent disease by controlling the entropic state and/or facilitating cure by implementing the concept of permissible medicine. The entropic state is controlled by enriching the state of “no fear, no grief”, while permissible medicine establishes a compatible relationship between therapeutic medicines and people’s lifestyle. The healing power of each effect contributes to the healing process and enhances the overall effect of the medicine.

We report various researches on minimal catalyst (MICA) water and spin information gauge network (SIGN) water from 2009 to the present. The theme is our body, besides plants, animals, and substances like vinyl bags, fiber and LED light even atmosphere. Furthermore, we also reported the change of atoms from radioactive cesium to stable barium after the Fukushima accident in 2011. Our water science and technology are relevant to dissociating hydrogen bonds in water. We fabricated SIGN water under the pressure of more than 100MPa rather than 3MPA for MICA water. The difference may be the abundance rate of the elementary-like particle (infoton) after hydrogen bond dissociation; namely, we assume three times in SIGN water than MICA water, although it is the same works, and both emit far-infrared through terahertz. Here, we focus on SIGN water and present recent research of oxidation-reduction potential and blood tests involving diabetes besides user’s comments after using the water and the activated LED light to the affected parts of our body.

It is said that water we use in daily life insists on several molecules connected with hydrogen bonding. However, the quantum dynamics of water after hydrogen-bond dissociation has not been researched so far, although there are many a study of water relating to bonding with its other chemical compounds. We focus on the hydrogen bond-dissociated water supposed to possess elementary particle-like matter after high pressure of approximately 100 MPa to water. The matter in the water is described as , in which the proton and the electron exist neither separately nor forming hydrogen, and we call the quantum state the extended particle. Moreover, the particle exists for a long period stably. Here we wish to associate the macroscopic phenomena of water we usually encounter with the microscopic nature due to the function of the particle. The motivation of the research is essential to understand water from an idea of the particle. Furthermore, here, we wish to associate the usual macroscopic phenomena of water with the microscopic nature due to the function of the particle so that we can control to keep the water clean in an environment as another motivation. Furthermore, the reduction of radioactive cesium to change a stable barium atom was persuaded by taking into consideration the particle which enters into the radioactive substance. This is a breakthrough in the nuclear reaction without a huge energy outside. We discussed the mechanism of radiation reduction from a radioactive substance.

Major environmental issues in India are the degradation of forests and agricultural land depletion of resources such as water, mineral, sand, and rocks. Similarly, rapid burning of fuel and biomass are the major sources of pollution in India. Lack of organized services like waste removal, poor waste management, air & water pollution are most highlighted environmental issues which India is facing today. On the other hand, Population growth of India enhances these issues.

During the 20th century, the sociocultural paradigm of the West underwent a significant change, imposing antihuman values. This metamorphosis (individualism, the desire for power and wealth prevailed over brotherhood and compassion) was coincided with extraordinary scientific and technical development. The new paradigm colonized the minds of physicians and medical training curricula. Medicine became self-centered, cold, fragmented, and practically ignored affectivity. The reaction to this spiritual degradation of medicine was the humanist movement in medicine that originated in the twentieth century but has been developed more in the XXI century, spreading through many countries in the West and also in the East. Currently in the curricula of many schools we find the area of “Humanization of medicine”. In the Faculty of Medicine of the CLAEH University of Uruguay “Humanismo Medico” (HM) is a compulsory subject that is taken during 3 clinical years (70 hours per year) and its practice is experiential. Likewise, we have found it of great interest to know the perceptions, reflections and feelings (self-declared) of the students about their own changes at the end of all the training cycles of HM. Based on 77 opinions (out of 111 issued) of 20 4th year students, we were able to verify that taking HM had caused very important changes in them towards a more humanistic identity. They state that they perceived; 1) a deep inner rational and affective transformation and they observed an increase in their introspection, critical thinking, self-analysis, empathy and emotional balance, 2) greater capacity to plan a professional life with greater well-being, 3) improvement of group interrelationship, which has been more open, sincere and fraternal; 4) ability to share reflections and anguish and 5) acquisition of a holistic view of sick people and better skills to listen and accompany them, and relate to their families.

Home health care management for dwellers and the elderly is much of a desire than a real time opportunity for most. The future points to homes having a room designated for health care just as a kitchen, bathroom or dining room form essential rooms in a house. This choice of location however must be outfitted with equipment capable of monitoring health, logging and retrieving data for remote communication to those involved in virtual medicine, for diagnosis.

Direct foundation restorations have been fairly successful in reducing invasiveness to a fairly significant extent. It is generally indicated in cases where a substantial amount of tissue exists at the periphery of the prepared tooth. By employing this technique, a prefabricated post is cemented inside the root canal, and the core is built directly on the prepared tooth.

Cutaneous fistulas of dental origin are rare and often remain unrecognized by practitioners and confused with dermatological lesions, they lead the patient to consult various specialists; and undergoing inadequate drug or surgical treatment, leaving permanent scars. So how can we circumvent all these ambiguities in order to ensure better care? The purpose of this work is to clarify certain Gray areas through a clinical case. Chronic endodontic complications are the most frequent causes of cutaneous fistulas of the face and neck. Diagnosis is often delayed because of the weak symptomatology. A meticulous clinical and radiological examination is revealing of the causal tooth and confirms the diagnosis. The etiological treatment allows in the majority of cases alone the disappearance of the cutaneous fistula, but sometimes for old fistulas with significant adhesions and scar tissue an intervention cosmetic surgery is required.

Odontoma is odontogenic tumor defined by the WHO as tumors of epithelium and odontogenic ectomesenchyme with or without formation of mineralized dental tissues [1]. The Broca invented odontoma in 1866 [2]. As he put it “tumors formed by the overgrowth of dental tissues transitory or complete [2]. The majority ofodontomas are asymptomatic in nature and are discovered on radiographs. They are often linked to an unerupted or impacted teeth or show evidence of infection, where they appear with signs and symptoms [3]. Odontomas usually have modest growth rate and rarely grow larger than a tooth. Expansion of cortical bone is noticed when their size is large [4].

A palliative care (PC) consultation in a skilled nursing facility’s (SNF) admission procedure confers multiple benefits, including clarification of patients’ care preferences. However, many SNFs do not offer PC consultations, and rates of advance directive (AD) and power of attorney (POA) completion are low. In a quality improvement intervention to increase AD–POA completion rates, SNF patients were offered, upon admission, a PC consultation and an opportunity to complete ADs–POAs. AD–POA completion rates during the 12-week intervention period were compared with completion rates during a 12-week period absent PC consultation. Lewin’s change theory was used to develop policy–practice guidelines. During intervention, AD–POA completion rates (100%) substantially exceeded the target, 60% (control, 0%). By intervention end, all intervention participants’ (n = 57) medical records contained ADs–POAs; by control period end, only 49% of control participants’ (n = 61) medical records contained ADs–POAs. Project outcomes supported the premise of the PICOT question, “In patients admitted to a SNF during a 12-week period, how will a PC consultation affect the AD–POA completion rate (i.e., how will the intervention group’s rate compare with the rate seen in standard practice)?” Following these outcomes, the SNF’s policy now mandates that all incoming patients be offered a PC consultation. The intervention’s outcome suggests that including, during patient admission, a PC consultation and opportunity to complete documents can improve AD–POA completion rates and is likely to generate for a SNF and its patients the benefits that these documents can confer.
Keywords: Advance directives; Skilled nursing facility; Palliative care

COVID-19 emerged from Wuhan, China in late 2019. A new strain of coronavirus, it was not previously identified in humans. Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses which cause illness ranging from a mild cold to severe disease, for instance Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV).

Data science mining methods are utilized in the field of medication for different purposes. Mining affiliation rule is one of the intriguing points in information mining which is utilized to produce continuous itemsets. It was first proposed for market bushel examination. Analysts proposed varieties in methods to create incessant itemsets. Creating huge number of incessant itemsets is a tedious cycle. In this paper, the creators contrived a strategy to anticipate the danger level of the patients having coronary illness through incessant itemsets. The dataset of different coronary illness patients is utilized for this exploration work. The information mining strategies-based frameworks could vitally affect the workers’ way of life to anticipate heart sicknesses. There are numerous logical papers, which utilize the strategies of information mining to anticipate heart infections. Nonetheless, restricted logical papers have tended to the four cross-approval methods of dividing the informational index that assumes a significant part in choosing the best procedure for foreseeing coronary illness. Pick the ideal blend between the cross-approval methods and
the information mining, order strategies that can upgrade the exhibition of the forecast models. This paper means to apply the four-cross-approval methods (holdout, k-overlay cross approval, separated k overlap cross-approval, and rehashed irregular) with the proposed techniques Extended Support Vector Machine and Extended KNN to work on the precision of coronary illness expectation and select the best forecast models. It investigates these procedures on a little and huge dataset gathered from various information sources like Kaggle and the UCI AI archive. The assessment measurements like exactness, accuracy, review, and F-measure were utilized to quantify the presentation of forecast models. Experimentation is performed on two datasets, and the outcomes show that when the dataset is epic (50000 records), the ideal mix that accomplishes the most noteworthy precision is holdout cross-approval with the neural organization with an exactness of 71.82%. Simultaneously, Repeated Random with Random Forest considers the ideal blend in a little dataset (303 records) with a precision of 89.01%. The best models will be prescribed to the doctors in business associations to help them anticipating coronary illness in workers into one of two classifications, cardiovascular and non-heart, at a beginning phase. Successive itemsets are produced dependent on the picked indications and least help esteem. The separated successive itemsets assist the clinical professional with settling on indicative choices and decide the danger level of patients at a beginning phase. The proposed strategy can be applied to any clinical dataset to anticipate the danger factors with hazard level of the patients dependent on picked factors. An exploratory outcome shows that the created
technique distinguishes the danger level of patients effectively from continuous itemsets. The early recognition of heart illnesses in representatives will further develop efficiency in the business association. 
Keywords: Data Mining; Heart Disease; Feature Selection; Cross-Validation Methods; Data Preprocessing; Classification Algorithms; Productivity; Business Organizations; Frequent Itemsets; Heart Disease Prediction; Association Rule Mining; Data Mining; Medical Data Mining; SVM; ESVM; ANN and EKNN

It has long been a challenge to control infectious diseases by destruction, decrease in their number or inhibition of microorganisms. It can be carried out with different methods depending on the place to be applied and the degree of microbial eradication that is intended to be achieved.

Contact tracing is an activity of paramount importance during the work with an individual either symptomatic or asymptomatic diagnosed with the infectious disease of interest. The aim of contact tracing is to identify, provide support for those contacts as well as to prevent further infective dissemination. Contact tracing enables us to adequately identify, voluntary quarantine or self-quarantine and monitor those COVID-19 suspect cases.
A contact is defined as an individual exposed to a case or a case’s environment such that they had an opportunity to acquire the infection. A high-risk subpopulation is a population that has the risk of infection or severe disease. 
The incubation period is defined as the interval between the onset of invasion by an infective particle and the first sign/symptom of the infective process. In the case of SARS-CoV-2, the incubation period is on average 4-5 days but may be as long as 14 days.
The infectious period is a time during which a case can transmit a disease to others and starts 2 days before someone develops symptoms.
During an isolation a case needs to be separated from others. During a quarantine a close contact is separated from others to prevent the disease transmission to the susceptible individuals and contact’s activities are restricted for the duration of their incubation period.
Contact tracing is carried out by the adequately educated staff. They should possess a qualitative background, language skills, cultural access to social and medical support for the suspected individuals.
Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) efforts aim to ensure a healthy and safe working environment, prevent work-related diseases and promote health. OHS issues may affect the Rapid Response Team (RRT) as well as the incident being investigated. Risk assessment should consider the tasks, the environment, the exposure as well as preventive controls available.
The current coronavirus pandemic 2019 (COVID-19) represents a major public healthcare crisis with epidemiologic models predicting hazardous consequences. The major concern is a high morbidity rate. Contact tracing using of smartphone apps is a powerful approach to control and reduce the lethal outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the use of smartphone technology is limitated due to the potential exposure of sensitive personal information.
Keywords: COVID-19; Contact tracing; Data protection; App

Scrub typhus represents a robust Public Health ailment that is Prevalent in the Asia-Pacific region that is inclusive of although not restricted to Korea, China, India, Taiwan Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, as well as the Phillipines, This area has been referred to as the tsutsugumashi triangle. One billion people have a threat globally to get afflicted, that results in a disease generation in one million individuals. Scrub typhus alias tsutsugumashi disease occurs every year. Here we have stressed on the epidemiology world wise besides the significance of Scrub typhus in Indian scenario that presents as an acute febrile illness having life threatening consequences. We conducted a Here we conducted a systematic review utilizing search engine pubmed, google scholar; web of science; embase; Cochrane review library utilizing the MeSH terms like Scrub typhus; other rickettsios is; differential diagnosis with other acutefebrile illnesses; epidemiology of Orientiatsutsugumashi (etiologic agent); malaria; Indian scenario; Leptrombidiumbitesllarvae; mites; serology; WeilFelix reaction; immuofluoresceceassay; met genomic next generation sequencing (mNGS), Scrub typhus cell surface display technology; treatment; doxycycline; azithromycin; rifampicin; chloramphenicol; innovative early diagnostics. We found a total of 3500 articles out of which we selected 51 articles for this update. Nometa-analysis was done. Since this disease has reemerged it is usually not kept in mind as a differential diagnosis in acute febrile illnesses that is why we chose to review and update this life hreateningisease having central nervous system (CNS), Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT), complications, myocarditis, besides usually diagnostic eschar. Avoidamce is equally important specifically for farmers other vegetation areas etc.
Keywords: Scrub typhus; epidemiology; complications; avoidance; Public Health problem

Early detection of any type of cancer, especially lung cancer, one of the world’s worst diseases, can save a lot of lives. By using the early forecast, we will be able to increase life expectancy and decrease death. While there are other approaches for detecting lung cancer cells, such as X-rays and CT scans, CT pictures were found to be more preferred. CT scans, for example, use 2D images to get more accurate results. The proposed approach here will cover how to interpret CT pictures from a Computer Tomography (CT) Scan with the Confusion Matrix for Mining Heterogeneous Lung Cancer. This study will look at how image conversion may be performed using various image processing approaches to get better outcomes from CT images. The Confusion Matrix is a tool for calculating inequality in an image pattern. Following Confusion Matrix’s examination of the processed images, a final accuracy of 93 percent is attained.
Keywords: Computer Tomography (CT); Mining; Confusion Matrix; Lung Cancer

Women are half of the population of the Pakistan and 41 % women are engaged in agriculture farming sectors in different aspects. As it is cleared that Pakistan is an agriculture country, and the numerous part of the country is living in rural area which depends directly or indirectly on agriculture production system for their livelihood. In Pakistan mostly women are engaged in Agriculture and performing different duties in farm management, farm operations, farm maintenance and crop production systems regularly and successfully, but they are still facing a lot of problems in the agriculture management systems. This paper has focused with objective on the problems of women in Agriculture production system in Pakistan. The discussion may help the policy makers of women rights and regulations.

The article presents the current situation of production and export of mineral and fresh water, the challenges of developing new markets, the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on sales, the export policy of mineral and fresh water in Georgia. The article states that finding new markets is quite difficult. The competition in the world is great and Georgian entrepreneurs are struggling to explore new markets. It is necessary to take into account the specifics of the regulations and requirements of potential partner countries. With the right strategy, quite a lot of revenue can be generated by the water business.
Keywords: Mineral waters; Freshwater; Covid-19; Export policy; Water regulations

In recent decades, agriculture has undergone intensification and diversification processes to improve productivity, the economic income and to face the climate variability. However, concerns about environmental problems associated with agricultural practices are increasing. In this way, effects such as soil erosion, changes in soil carbon stock, fertility losses, eutrophication and aquatic-biotic integrity degradation have been reported. Although several methodological frameworks have been developed to assess the environmental performance of farms and to support the decision-making process, these frameworks normally rely on indicators that measure a particular characteristic of an agricultural system. The aim of this work was to propose an integrated index considering (a) sequence diversification, the area occupied by crops in winter and summer, and the participation percentage of each crop and (b) two weighting factors to reflect the differential contributions of cropping sequences to environmental performance. The study was carried out between 2008 and 2020 in a commercial farm in northwest Uruguay with cropping sequences that included rice, soybean, corn, sorghum and pastures. Our results show that the proposed index is suitable for assessing the intensification degree and allowing the selection of agricultural sequences that present the highest environmental performance. The optimal spatial scale for applying the index is on farms no larger than 1000 hectares; this threshold includes approximately 90% of Uruguayan farms. Due to the similar physical characteristics, weather conditions and management practices in farms in southern Brazil and central-eastern Argentina, the index is suitable for applications in these regions as well.
Keywords: Weighted intensification index; Sustainable agriculture; Agricultural intensification; Crop diversification 

Seasonal greeting to the editorial staffers, staff, and readers of MCMS globally. In the 20th and now 21si centuries, exponential uses and applications of medicinal plants, and herbs from different sources, in diverse forms, had become the basic fundamental norm in the health sector of the global population. In accordance to WHO findings, about 80% of the world population use one form of medicinal plants or herbs at their homes for prevention, and curing different types of diseases that have bedeviled humans in the 21st century largely due to our lifestyles-food materials that we eat, numerous different drinks either soda or alcohol or otherwise that most cases if not check are inimical to our health at a long run; smoke pluming into the air, and find their ways into our lungs with lots of chemical compositions that are often lethal to the hosts in no time.

Curing diseases and achieving complete recovery is challenging particularly with complex diseases such as cancer, where complete remission is most likely the preferred option that can be achieved. The hope for a complete recovery is inspired by cancer patients who have successfully beaten cancer and achieved a complete recovery. Despite physicians referring to these stories as “miraculous” recoveries, nevertheless, they reveal that victory over cancer can be achieved. According to Halalopathy, a key role in complete recovery is played by setting up the favourable circumstances for the cure, a process that can be achieved by involving the patient in the therapeutic process. Entropy and potential energy are inversely proportional, and both are key elements in the process of prevention and cure. The catabolic reaction is driven by entropy, while the anabolic reaction is driven by potential energy. The stimulation of potential energy and the reduction of entropy contribute greatly to the activation of the immune system and thereby create the necessary circumstances required for effective prevention and therapy. 
Keywords: Cancer; miraculous cure; potential energy; entropy; immune system

The load varies with the thickness of the pavement, so there are different layers in pavement structures, between which interlayer interfaces contacting with each other inevitably in different modes. In this paper, based on investigation and analysis, the interlayer contact modes of pavement structures are classified as “interlayer coupling” and “interlayer connection”, which are defined according to their mechanical properties. Based on the existing ordinary cement concrete pavement, this paper analyzes the formation, development and evolution of interlayer coupling, and finds that the failure of interlayer coupling is the cause of early pavement damage. Cement pavement structure with isolating course is proposed as a method and countermeasure to eliminate these hazards, the feasibility of which is verified theoretically. Conditions and approaches achieving interlayer connection in pavement structures are proposed as well. Application of interlayer connection is introduced using a novel type of polymer skeleton porous concrete pavement structure as an example. 

Just 8 years in hand. By 2030, the development in India & the world will be accompanied by a shift in the underlying demographics. There will be vast changes which include increasing urbanization trends, peaking of the population in the working-age group, and a large shift towards the services sector employment. It’s high time we focus on the value of the following potential opportunities otherwise we may again miss the bus.

Rome was not built in a day, the Long March was not completed in one step, and the project period has its own objective laws. Respecting the objective law of the project duration, consciously using this law to serve the project, and acknowledging that the project duration is incompressible under the premise of various constraints are the theoretical qualities that every project manager should have. It is an extremely wrong concept to regard the project duration as a “sponge that is still empty at will be squeezed”, and the irrational construction period under the guidance of this concept is a universal problem in project management.
Keywords: engineering duration irrational

Experimental study conducted during joining butt weld in FSW process on Al 6061 alloy of size 50 mm width X 100 mm length X 8 mm thickness of two plates wherein the effect of the interaction between the plates, tool and the vibration that occurs during the process are investigated, are reported. In this study, joining sides of the workpiece samples are artificially induced with air gaps of drilled holes in 2mm, 3mm, 5 mm diameter holes and 3mm width X 4 mm depth of slots in random distances. The vibration behaviour of the tool and workpiece joining system are characterized by a frequencies arrived in modal analysis using Finite Element Analysis (FEA), each mode corresponds to tool and workpiece system. Variations in the amplitudes of vibration signals in the particular range of frequencies from 6.0 to 7.0 kHz are proportional to workpiece and significant changes in linear pattern indicate the defective and steady joining area of workpiece. So, this method is effective in monitoring of workpiece joining in FSW process. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis of vibration signal shows the changes in individual frequencies and is used for identifying the frequency range of monitoring workpiece with gap and without gap conditions. The steady joining portions cause the vibration which corresponds to 4thregion frequencies of workpiece.

COVID-19 outburst has harmed not only the Indian economy’s economic and social activities, but also the global economy as a whole. Cushioning levels of shocks especially for financial downs remain to be restricted for MSMEs. The main reason is due to limited potential for raising and management of funds. This generates a significant impact on MSMEs. This paper seeks to evaluate MSMEs’ contribution towards the Indian economy along with analyzing the barriers and challenges that existed prior to and during the COVID period. Challenges were indeed in presence before COVID 19 also but during and post COVID 19, their intensity, severity and scope have changed a lot. In addition, a few more are also emerged newly. To analyze the overall effect and impact of these challenges, a range of descriptive statistics along with correlation and co-integration is used. Cointegration is used to analyze the relation among variables such the amount of MSMEs, investment amount, employment, etc. output. This pandemic has crashed into MSMEs like a tons of bricks. COVID 19 remains to be a huge uncertainty and with the understood scope of this uncertainty so far, government must establish a continuous monitoring mechanism and announce early corrective actions to restore confidence in the MSMEs sector. MSMEs should be encouraged to connect to the internet market and fiscal incentives for this sector should also be strengthened. The Indian government should take a variety of initiatives to improve SMEs in India and achieve the goal of making India self-sufficient.

Two field experiments were carried out at two successive seasons of 2018 and 2019 to study the direct effect of biochar, compost and bio-fertilizer (N fixing bacteria as Rhizobium leguminosarum for pea or azotobacter for sweet pepper and phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms as phosphoren) under three rates from the recommended mineral fertilizer and their interaction on pea plants (Pisum sativium) cv. Entsar 1 as first experiment and the residual influence of the previous fertilizers on sweet pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) cv. California wonder which was planted as second experiment crop. The results according to pea plants gave the best growth attributes, yield and its components were registered by the treatment of biochar with compost and fertilizer. Regarding to the residual influence of biochar, compost and bio-fertilizer led to high values on growth, yield and its characters of sweet pepper fruits in both growing seasons.
Keywords: residual effect; biochar; bio-fertilizers; compost; mineral fertilizer

Machine scheduling is concerned with the problem of optimally scheduling available machines. However, scheduling literature review has been focused on common assumptions that machines are available at all times. The availability constraint is may not frequency occurred because a machine may become unavailable during a certain periods of time. This paper is addressed to study the problem of job shop in dynamic environment with the risk of random machine breakdown. It is considered a NP Hard optimization problem. Predictive maintenance is an answer to prevent the system from risk of machine breakdown. The objective function is to minimize the completion time of the last job being executed. Hence, we propose a met heuristic approach based on GA approach to solve the issue. Experimentation results assume that the used approach based on maintenance function is required to produce, for each machine, the adequate scheduling plan.
Keywords: dynamic job shop scheduling problem; genetic algorithm; makespan; preventive maintenance; operating schedule; optimization problem

Materials manufacturing processes and systemic mechanical behavior investigations are necessary requirements for materials innovation and applications. Mechanical performance and cost-effectiveness are pivotal parts of the application and requirement-driven material design process. Therefore, the structure-property relationship addresses the material design and mechanical and chemical (i.e., corrosion) performance in various engineering applications.

Abstract
NMSOD is an inflammatory disease affecting the optic nerves and spinal cord. It is an uncommon disease but is a differential that presents similarly to a few common diseases. Misdiagnosing NMOSD for multiple sclerosis might result in severe health consequences and the rapid deterioration of the patient if they are treated with disease modifying agents like interferon beta, fingolimod or natalizumab. It is noted that this disease affects females predominantly.

NMSOD is an inflammatory disease affecting the optic nerves and spinal cord. It is an uncommon disease but is a differential that presents similarly to a few common diseases. Misdiagnosing NMOSD for multiple sclerosis might result in severe health consequences and the rapid deterioration of the patient if they are treated with disease modifying agents like interferon beta, fingolimod or natalizumab. It is noted that this disease affects females predominantly.

Research studies aimed at screening cowpea genotypes against Callosobruchus maculatus commonly known as a bruchid, under the no-choice infestation condition, were conducted at the Department of Plant Science, University of Zambia in Lusaka, Zambia during 2021 on 110 cowpea genotypes. The cowpea genotypes evaluated included 3 parental lines, 97 mutant lines, and 10 pure lines in order to discern the tolerant cowpea genotype against Callosobruchus maculatus that would aid the reduction of storage losses encountered in cowpea production. Parameters measured included., number of eggs laid per 100 seeds, adult emergence per cent, developmental period, growth index, per cent infestation, weight loss per cent, and frass produced. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes for all the parameters considered in the investigation. The most tolerant genotype BBBT1-11 across all parameters investigated, recorded 13.01 no. of eggs/100 seed compared to MS1-8-2-6-9-1 with 128.67 eggs/100 seeds. The adult emergence of BBBT1-11 was at 12.72% compared to the highest LTBT1-5 at 88.11%. BBBT1-11 also recorded the lowest growth index of 0.42 and frass produced of 0.23g compared to the highest growth index record of 4.19 in BB10-4-2-3-3 and the highest frass produced of 5.41g recorded in MS1-8-2-6-9-1. BBBT1-11 could be further assessed for the possible presence of bio chemical and genetic parameters, that could explain the basis of the observed differences among the genotypes in their reaction to Callosobruchus maculatus. Besides, BBBT1-11 can also be incorporated in the breeding program with the target of breeding cowpea varieties that are tolerant to bruchid infestation. Furthermore, BBBT1-11 may be released so as to address the storage losses experienced at postharvest in cowpea production.
Keywords: Callosobruchus maculatus; bruchid; tolerance

In microeconomics, the costs of intensive livestock farming are studied in the short and long term, just like any normal production costs, and they are represented by means of an envelope curve, but this approach is unable to illustrate them all. Nowadays, we speak of the “hidden” and/or social costs as well. The former are only hidden to those who prefer not to see them, and the latter contribute to the concept of economic costs. This wider view of the problem of production costs needs to be graphically represented, so here we propose a revised version of the envelope curve that succeeds in revealing all the costs of intensive livestock farming. The outcome is an L-shaped curve instead of a U-shaped one.

Background: The aim of the present study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge and attitude regarding crisis management of natural disaster among people of selected rural community at Kannur district.
Objectives: Assess the knowledge and attitude about the crisis management in natural disaster among local people. Find out the association between knowledge and attitude of people with selected demographic variables. Find out the correlation between knowledge and attitude regarding crisis management in natural disaster.
Setting and Sample: Study was conducted in 250 families at pattuvam Gram Panchayath, Taliparamba, Kannur, Kerala. 
Materials & Methods: Quantitative descriptive approach and cross-sectional design were used for this study and sample selected by convenient sampling technique. A self-structured knowledge questionnaire and attitude scale comprised of 10 items and 15 statements respectively.
Results: The study result shows that majority of samples were very good knowledge (81%) and positive attitude towards crisis
management on natural disaster.
Keywords: Knowledge; Attitude; Crisis management; Natural disaster

There is 4 to 7 percent of the population who have palpable thyroid nodules; nevertheless, there is 19 to 67 percent of the population who have nodules identified accidentally on ultrasonography. The great majority of thyroid nodules do not manifest themselves with symptoms. As malignant nodules account for around 5% of all palpable nodules, the major purpose of investigating thyroid nodules is to rule out the presence of cancer. One of the tests that may be used to differentiate between a thyrotoxic nodule and a euthyroid nodule is the thyroid-stimulating hormone test. Thyroid nodules should be fine-needled aspirated in individuals who are otherwise healthy but have a thyroid nodule, and radionuclide scanning should be reserved for patients with equivocal thyroid cytology or thyrotoxic endocrine disease (thyrotoxicosis). Using ultrasonic guidance during fine-needle aspiration, the frequency of inadequate specimens from fine-needle extraction is reduced. Operation is the most common treatment for malignant lesions, and the amount of the surgery is decided by the severity and kind of the sickness. Postoperative radioactive iodine ablation is done on high-risk patients who have cancer that has spread or that has returned after treatment. However, thyroxine suppression therapy is often employed surgically to treat malignant lesions. 
Keywords: Thyroid thyroid nodules; Epidemiologic presentation; Lymphocytic thyroiditis; Diagnosis; Treatment

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of neurological disorder called dementia and, it affects people from every gender, region, culture, ethnicity, religion, and sexual orientation. Research shows that in 2021, approximately 6 million seniors in the U.S. suffered from Alzheimer’s [1, 2].

At present more than 80% populations of the world relies on Herbal and Traditional Medicines (HTM) because plants have significant role as sources of medicines and at present more than 25% of pharmaceutical prescriptions in US have minimum one plant derived ingredient.

Entire living organisms will be attacked by agents which lead to diseases. Even smallest organism like bacteria have their own system for fighting against infection by viruses. This mechanism of self-defencing will be more complicated as organism becomes more advanced. The present infections need not just anti-microbial action but also should increase the immunity in a person. This is an approach and way to be adopted in the present scenario. Rasayana herbs refill the lost nutrients and enhance virility. In the present days, the whole process seems to be quite tedious and laborious and so a more balanced approach for proper utilization of Rasayana drugs is necessary for current society (Conboy, Edshteyn, & Garivaltis, 2009; Mahdihassan, 1981; Puri, 2003b; Sharma, Chandola, Singh, & Basisht, 2007; Shukla, 1971).

Our hand carries variety of microorganisms, it’s essential not to neglect them. Hands are major source of infection. Hand hygiene is a vital principle and exercise in the prevention, control and reduction of healthcare acquired infections. Right hand washing and drying methods stop the chain of transmission of deadly pathogens form hand to other parts of body. Hand sanitization is preeminent aid in preventing nosocomial infections caused by different opportunistic pathogens and to get this, the use of hand sanitizer become must in recent circumstances. The purpose of the recent study was to prepare the Ayurvedic Sanitizer- “Vaidic-Care”. This hand sanitizer is prepared by using “Gomutra” that is cow urine and this sanitizer incorporating the leaves of Ocimum sanctum, Azadirachta indica, leaves of papaya, alovera gel, turati, flower of ajwayan, flower of pudina and Bhimsen kappor, the well-known herbal combination with multidimensional activities and to evaluate their respective antimicrobial efficiency and safety of hands.The formulation was evaluated against specified micro-organisms. 
(E. coli, staphylococcus, lactobacillus, Trichoderma, aspergillus) by cup plate method. The significance was found to be more in comparison to the standard references.
Vaidiccare had its unique fragrance. Research mainly focuses on antibacterial activity after combination herbal plants cow urine and amrut dhara.Maintain hand hygiene is play key role in food production, pharmaceutical industries as well as in covid pandemic. By using vaidic care hand sanitizer we can maintain hand hygiene which is an important step to stop various infections which is caused due to unhygienic hand. Vaidic care overcomes all the side effect caused due to the chemical sanitizer.
Keywords: Hand hygiene Antimicrobial Activity; Nosocomial Infection; Ayurvedic Sanitizer; Amrut Dhara; Cow Urine

In this study stability-indicating assay method was developed and validated forestimation of curcumin and its degradation products as per ICH guidelines using RP-UHPLC. 
For this the curcumin was subjected to forced degradation study under various stress conditions of hydrolysis (acidic, neutral and alkaline), oxidation, and thermal and photolytic as recommended by ICH Q1A (R2) guideline. A chromatographic method was developed for the estimation of curcumin in presence of its degradants. The chromatographic separation was obtained with Hypersil GOLD, C-18 reverse phase column (150mm×4.6mm×3μ) at flow rate 1 mL/min with mobile phase (Acetonitrile: Water:70:30). The pH of mobile phase was adjustedto 3.0 using formic acid. The peak was observed at 2.44 minutes at λmax 425nmusingdiode array detector.
The method has been validated in terms of accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation and robustness. The linearity obtained in the range of 2-10μg/ml. LOD was found to be 50ng/ml. Further it was concluded that the curcumin is highly susceptible to oxidation, alkaline and neutral hydrolysis, slightly prone to thermal and photolysis, whereas stable towards acidic hydrolysis.
Keywords: RP-UHPLC method; Stability Indicating Assay Method; Forced Degradation study; Determination of Curcumin; Stability of Curcumin; Analytical method development

Abstract
The present study was performed to experimentally evaluate therapeutic effects of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Piper nigrum and their cellular, molecular and bioenhancing effects in ovalbumin (OVA) induced model of bronchial asthma. Wistar rats were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide on day 0 followed by OVA challenge on day 14 to experimentally induce bronchial asthma. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (100 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg), Piper nigrum (30 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg), combined dose of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (100 mg/kg) -Piper nigrum (30 mg/kg) and Prednisolone (10 mg/kg) were administered for 14 days and its effects on airway hyper responsiveness in response to spasmogen (methacholine) and airway inflammation were assessed. Enhanced pause (p-enh), a marker of airway hyper responsiveness, was measured in response to inhaled methacholine using whole body plethysmography. Following that rats were anesthetized and blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected and analyzed for OVA specific IgE and pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α). Results showed that OVA sensitization and challenge in rats induced increased P-enh levels indicative of enhanced airway hyper responsiveness to methacholine exposure thus validating the experimental model (Disease control). OVA sensitization-challenge treatment resulted in increased IgE and TNF-α in both blood and BAL fluid. Administration of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (100 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg), Piper nigrum (30mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) induced dose-dependent attenuations in P-enh levels, IgE as well as TNF- α levels. Combined administration of sub effective doses of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Piper nigrum induced significant attenuation in all the parameters in blood and BAL fluid compared to Disease control rats as well as that of herbal drug given alone. The results showed that Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Piper nigrum reduced both (a) airway hyper-responsiveness to the bronchoconstrictor; and (b) the biomarkers of airway inflammation and validates the observed therapeutic benefits of this Indian traditional medicinal plant for bronchial asthma
Keywords: Bronchial asthma; Airway Hyper responsiveness; Ovalbumin; Methacholine; Enhanced Pause

In recent decades, man has become a geological force, competing with natural forces in the impact and modification of the Earth system. The term Anthropocene was proposed by scientists Paul Crutzen and Eugene F. Stoemer, in 2000, to describe this new time and emphasize the preponderant role of man in geology and ecology. There is no doubt that man has unequivocally and in some cases irreversibly changed the Planet, and that Holocene concepts can no longer be used to describe trends in chemical and biological variables and the future of the Earth system as a whole.

Aim: To evaluate the level of exposure to benzene and the state of health of the workers of “ORYX-BENIN SA”. It is a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study aimed at evaluating the level of exposure to benzene in 18 workers of ‘’ ORYX- BENIN SA ‘’. 
Materials and Methods: It was carried out with their informed consent and after they had completed a questionnaire. The data collection was carried out by questionnaire, a direct observation grid, a summary clinical examination of the workers and a composite biological assessment: Blood count and leucocyte count by the Culter method and the determination of urinary phenol by the nitro-4-aniline spectrophotometric method.
Results: 55.55% of the workers are between 26 and 40 years old. They are all male. 61.11% of the workers have less than one year of experience and 22.22% have at least three years of experience. All the workers, grouped in three shifts, work 8 hours a day. None of the workers wear a mask while working. The only means of protection used by all workers are gloves, gowns and safety shoes. No agent of this company works with his back to the wind. The clinical manifestations recorded during the survey are 50% nausea, 38.89% asthenia and 16.16% eye irritation. A total of three chargers show hematological signs of benzene intoxication. The rate of urinary phenol is largely higher than 250 mg/g. of creatinine at the end of the shift.
Conclusion: It is observed that the inversion of the leucocyte formula is moderate in only one charger while it is severe in five and very severe in six. All of the loaders involved in this study were exposed to benzene at more than 25 ppm per working day.
Keywords: benzene; urinary phenol; exposure level; loading activity

Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most common infectious disease in humans after respiratory diseases [1]. In pregnant women, any UTI is by definition at risk of complication [1]. Urinary tract infection (UTI) can have harmful consequences for the mother and the fetus. It can manifest itself in three forms: gravidic urinary tract colonization, acute gravidic cystitis and acute gravidic pyelonephritis (AP). The urine cytobacteriological examination (UCE) is the only way to confirm the diagnosis and to guide the treatment. It is also by far the most frequently requested examination from a microbiology laboratory [2].
Objectives: The aim of our study is to establish the bacteriological profile of germs involved in urinary tract infections in pregnant women at the Departmental Hospital Center of Atacora, Northwestern BENIN from March to October 2021.
Methods: This is a prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study with an analytical focus that included 192 ECBU samples collected from pregnant women in prenatal consultation at the Departmental Hospital Center of ATACORA. On these samples we performed the following examinations: ECBU followed by antibiogram.
Results: The study revealed that out of 192 ECBU 19 were positive, i.e. a frequency of 9.9%. This result was confirmed by [3] and [4] who found 10% and 9.9% respectively. The most frequent germ was Escherichia coli (68.4%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (21.1%) and finally Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.5%). However, we found a resistance to (90.1%) ampicillin and a sensitivity to (100%) ceftriaxone in Gram-negative bacteria, in Gram-positive bacteria we noted an effective activity of third generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones.
Conclusion: The results of this study allow us to highlight the problem of treatment of urinary tract infections in pregnant women. In the absence of bacterial identification and antibiogram, the problem of the choice of antibiotics arises. One possibility is to choose the less expensive aminopenicillins, knowing that very few of the isolated strains are sensitive to amoxicillin and that the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid is only active on a small proportion of the isolated strains. The choice of other more active antibiotics is limited, either by the numerous contraindications (quinolones), or by their high cost, especially the third generation cephalosporins
Keywords: Urinary tract infection, Bacteria; Asymptomatic bacteriuria; Acute gravid cystitis; Acute gravid pyelonephritis

Objective: The overall objective of the study was to evaluate the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) and prostate specific antigen (PSA).
Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study that took place from April 2019 to September 2019 in the Biomedical Analysis Laboratory (SPACE-LABM). The CRP was determined by the agglutination technique on 85 samples of which 30 were PSA negative and 55 PSA positive.
Results: In PSA (-) subjects, we have 5 cases of positive CRP for a frequency of 17%. In PSA (+) subjects, we have 34 cases of positive CRP for a frequency of 62%. PSA (+) subjects are more likely to have a CRP (+) than PSA (-) subjects. There is a positive correlation (r = 0.38) between CRP and PSA.
Conclusion: At the end of our study, we observed a positive correlation between CRP and PSA in patients with positive PSA.
Keywords: Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA); C Reactive Protein (CRP); correlation; prostatitis

The objective of this study is to determine serum and urinary creatinine levels, hematies leukocytes per minute and the albuminuria/urinary creatinine ratio in tuberculosis patients at the National Hospital Center for Pneumo-phtisiology (CNHPP) in Cotonou. This is a prospective, descriptive and analytical study that included 42 patients over 15 years of age followed for 6 months at the National Center for Pneumo-Phtisiology (CNHPP) in Cotonou. Serum creatinine and urinary albumin levels were determined by the enzymatic method. The count of red and white blood cells in the urine was done under the microscope on Malassez cells. The results show that out of 29% of men and 71% of women, the majority age group is between 39 and 58 years old. The weight of the tuberculosis subjects according to the treatment at the beginning of the treatment is around 52.5Kg and at the end of the treatment is around 57.5Kg. White blood cell counts/min in TB patients on treatment at the end of the intensive phase (p<0.03) and at the end of treatment (p<0.01) were significantly lower compared to TB patients not yet on treatment. Urinary creatinine levels increased significantly in TB patients at the end of treatment (p<0.05) compared to TB patients not yet on treatment and at the end of the intensive phase. From these results, it is important to note that anti-TB drugs must be used with great care to ensure the proper functioning of the vital organ that is the kidneys. The impact of these antituberculosis drugs, which does not appear to be significant, can become so very quickly with the use of other molecules and in the worst case lead to dialysis.
Keywords: Tuberculosis; hematuria; creatinine; renal clearance; renal failure

Dental caries has long beam recognized as an infectious disease which occurs due to interplay of four factors namely host, cariogenic microbial flora, a diet rich in refined carbohydrate to sustain that flora and therefore the time for the flora to act on substrate. For almost 100 years, G.V. Black’s classification of caries by site has guided the dental profession for restorative management. Therefore, the new understanding of early diagnosis of dental caries and remineralization process changed G.V. Black’s definition “Extension for Prevention” to “Minimally Invasive”. MID is defined as a conservative philosophy based on sound scientific principles. It is concerned with the first occurrence early detection and repair, rather that replacement of defective restoration and minimum invasive treatment.

Our study was presented to increase the awareness of deep neck infection caused by wisdom tooth. Deep neck infections are not rare and occur as a result of the several etiologies (tonsillitis, pharyngitis, foreign body ingestion, odontojenic infections). Patient was transferred for oral and maxillofacial department for the evaluation of causative left mesiangular impacted wisdom tooth. Surgical removal of wisdom tooth was performed and surgical region was closed primarily under the antibiotic covarage. Patient was followed strictly after the removal of wisdom tooth. After two weeks following wisdom tooth extraction, neck swelling was resoluted and patient returned to daily life. Odontogenic infections are the most common causes of deep neck infections in adults. Not only early diagnosis but also antimicrobial and surgical therapy need to treat deep neck infections of odontogenic origin. Early recognition of inflamation’s focus is key for management of patient.
Keywords: Abscess; Wisdom tooth; Neck

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory condition which affects and damages the tissues that supports and surround the tooth, it is seen among 15 to 20 % of population around the globe [1]. Periodontal disease can also be considered as epidemic based on its prevalence. To add upon, severity of this oral condition haven’t been spoken for years [2].

Avulsion of permanent teeth represents the most dramatic accident among active young patients. That’s why this traumatism should be managed immediately and correctly to restore damaged structures and function, which can affect daily patient’s life. Treatment of tooth expulsion is often complicated and challenging. Prognosis can be poor as it is in relation with the damage severity of both tooth and supporting tissues. Other factors can affect the prognosis such as status of traumatised tooth, root maturation, extra-oral time and storage conditions prior to the replantation and duration of splinting. 

The fracture of an endodontic instrument in the root canals can create a stressful situation that the clinician can face in his daily practice. These fractures often occur due to incorrect use of instruments. Operators can utilize incorrect movements during cleaning and shaping or use deformed instruments pushing them beyond their ability to absorb the workload. If failure has occured the non-surgical retreatment is indicated at first.

Endodontic periodontal lesions are still controversial as far as diagnosis and classification are concerned. And from this follows another problem in the treatment plan which was based for a long time on the chronology of the lesion. Nevertheless, the prognosis of this type of lesions is very variable and sometimes unpredictable. 

Saliva as a diagnostic tool provides a simple, inexpensive and noninvasive tool for disease detection and screening. Saliva collection is more practical, comfortable and is highly desirable body fluid for biomarker detection in clinical applications. The role of saliva as a successful adjunct to the diagnostic parameters in various diseases and pathologies have been well documented. The article reviews the significance of various salivary markers in the diagnosis and clinical application.

Dental esthetics, also known as cosmetic dentistry, is concerned with improving the appearance of smile and has become a popular topic among all disciplines in dentistry. Any kind of esthetic problem in childhood and adolescence can have a significant effect on psychosocial development and interaction with peers [1]. So, creating a perfect smile is one of the important objectives of the field. Esthetics in Dentistry is a philosophy concerned especially with the appearance of a dental restoration, as achieved through its color or form.

Industrial revolution 5.0 is the buzzword nowadays. Although we haven’t really got the optimum from the industrial revolution 4.0, yet the Industrial 5.0 in now gaining attention from manufacturers worldwide. The concept of was first presented by Japan as Society 5.0 as A human-centered society that balances economic advancement with the resolution of social problems by a system that highly integrates cyberspace and physical space [1-3]”. The focus of IR 5.0 shifts from shareholders to stakeholders and, additionally, it reinforces the contribution of industry to the society at large.

Segmentation aims to distinguish many essential parts that define objects. Segmentation, a challenging step in image processing, plays a key role in detecting objects and pattern recognition [1]. It is necessary to develop an image segmentation algorithm that does not require human intervention and minimal computational resources. The solution to the problem previously proposed relies on C and K-means clustering algorithms [2-3]. But the cluster number computation was its key drawback, along with the fact that the system’s computing complexity increased exponentially.

Circular economy offers an alternative to linear economy model and can provide up to $4.5 trillion in economic benefits to 2030. It would give these benefits by promoting the removal of waste and the persistent safe use of natural resources. This transition to circular economy would requires unique collaboration considering that only 8.6% of the world is circular today (Gawel, A, 2021) [2]. For this long journey, research must look at sustainability from the perspective of consumers also who consider sustainability in different buying situations (Gupta & Sinha, 2015) [7] more so during this time of COVID19 pandemic (BCG, 2021) [1]. Production and consumption represent two sides of the same coin. Therefore, research must look at both production as well as consumption for increasing circularity in pursuit of sustainability. We now examine circular economy and sustainability from production perspective and then from consumption perspective.

The basic matrix algorithms for statement of parallel task in the cloud computing systems are considered in this paper. This algorithm is generally based on using the approach of arithmetic-logic relations and forming of recurrent matrixes. Possibility of using different error-coding methods for sending the request on parallelization task and receiving the answer is also considered. Comparative analyze of corrective ability of RS and convolutional codes is provided. As a result of provided investigations the relation for estimation the level of task parallelization is proposed. Choosing of convolutional codes for transmitting the data for parallelization the calculation task in cloud systems using of convolutional codes is recommended. 
Keywords: Parallel Computing; Cloud Computing; Arithmetic-Logic Relation; Error-Correction; RS-Coding; Convolutional Coding

Interest in and popularity of global university rankings have been on the rise worldwide. They have been utilized by the several stakeholders for different types of decision making. There is also general recognition that no ranking system is perfect and there are specific criticisms of each ranking system. One of the most controversial parameters is Perception which THE and QS claim to be the centerpiece of their systems and allot about half of the overall score to it. This aspect is examined here with respect to THE and QS global ranking systems and the national NIRF rankings, by comparing the scores with and without inclusion of the perception scores. It is argued that Perception is entirely subjective and comes in the way of providing a level playing field for all institutions.

A small oil field has been unknown in the past 30 years, why in the last 10 years it created an amazing miracle in China and even in the global oil industry? To answer this question scientifically, you have to have a scientific theory. In terms of depth and breadth of this problem, undoubtedly the most scientific theory is systems engineering theory; and from the perspective of oilfield production growth referred to on this issue, the most appropriate theory is man-machine-environment system engineering (MMESE) theory. Changqing oilfield applied MMESE to develop low-permeability reservoirs with extraordinary results, proving the value of MMESE.
Keywords: Application; MMESE; Changqing oilfield

This study examined the carbon bioaccumulation capacities of Achalla and MamuRiver Forest reserves in Anambra State as influenced by land use types. Profile pits measuring 0.60m×0.60m×0.60m were constructed in the residential, deforested, taungya and non-impacted land use areas within each forest reserve. Soil samples were collected from the depths of 0-20cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60cm and analyzed for physico-chemical properties -particle size, porosity, organic matter and carbon, cation exchange capacity, pH, total nitrogen. Data collected were subjected to T-test to compare the carbon bioaccumulated in the two forest reserves while ANOVA was used to ascertain the influence of different land use types and significant means were separated using Duncan multiple range test at 5% level of probability. The result showed that there was no significant difference in carbon accumulation in the forest reserves with Mamu (1.213±0.185)?Achalla (0.797±0.103). There was also no significant difference (p > 0.05) within and between land use types in different forest reserve with respect to soil physico-chemical properties in MamuRiver Forest reserve except in Achalla forest reserve on the pH-H2O (p < 0.05) with the pH as residential < deforested < taungya < non-impacted LUTsin the non–impacted land use types. This revealed that the non–impacted area have the highest organic matter content that potentially facilitated carbon bioaccumulation for climate change mitigation in Anambra State and suggest the need to restrict exploitation, expansion of residential and taungya lands as check to improve carbon sink in the forest reserves.
Keywords: Forest reserves; land use types; organic matter; carbon; pH range

Two years since the COVID-19 pandemic began to sweep the earth, life remains upended, classrooms have sat empty, and families have struggled through health and financial crisis. The pandemic has envisioned the need for a strong foundation of emergency health preparedness to overcome such urgent health impacts of anthropogenic influences on our ecosystem, which emerges in the form of such deadly pandemics. COVID-19, a respiratory infectious disease, originated in China, then spread rapidly to other places of the world to take the shape of a pandemic. Early studies had shown that being in close proximity to anyone who has the disease, increases the risk of infection. The transmission occurs via direct and indirect modes. Direct transmission occurs through SARS-CoV-2 bioaerosol in the form of droplet infection and the indirect mode; it is transferred by surface contact in the immediate environment of an infected patient.

He is from a family of four, three male and one female. Mr. Obuza G.E Kingdom, is the last born of his parent’s and also the first graduate among four children. He hailed from Tombia Community, Ekpetiama Clan, Yenagoa Local Government Area, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

Aim of this research is to reduce the salinity stress on plants by synthesizing the materials that helps to improve the crop yield without harming the crop. This can be made possible using NPK loaded chitosan ZnO nanoparticles (Chitosan Bionanocomposite). Chitosan, the natural carbohydrate obtained from shrimp shell waste after deacetylation of chitin by using marine bacterial isolates. Nanoparticles have high surface area and release the fertilizer slowly into the soil and makes NPK available to plants. Five marine isolates were obtained with positive deacetylase activity, used for chitosan synthesis. Bionanocomposite of each isolate was used for pot assay. Bionanocompositeobtained from IS1 was found to be efficient in enhancing the plant growth parameters. It shows 20% increase in germination percentage, 25% seed vigor index and significant increase in root and shoot length. Hence, it is concluded that the bionanocomposite can be prepared from cheapest sources and benefits the farmers for improving crop yield under stress conditions. Thus instead of using chemical fertilizer and or any biodegradable materials, bionanocomposites will be potential approach to sustain healthy agricultural practices.
Keywords: Salt stress; NPK bionanocomposite; Seed vigor index

Noise Pollution has become a serious health issue nowadays and emerging as a serious pollutant. This study is carried out in three semiurban towns to evaluate the impact of noise pollution in these areas. A total of 69 locations are selected in Asansol, Bankura, and Midnapore town including the Silent, Residential, Commercial, and Industrial zone. Since the noise level varies with atmospheric conditions, hence the study is divided into premonsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons. L1, L5, L10, L50, L90, L95, L99, Equivalent sound pressure level (Leq), Noise climate (NC), Noise pollution level (Lnp), and Noise traffic Index (TNI) were computed for evaluating the intensity of noise pollution. The result reveals that the equivalent sound pressure level (Leq) is much higher than the standards in all locations of the silent zones. Noise pollution level (Lnp) and Noise traffic Index (TNI) are also computed high in commercial and heavy traffic zones. The Noise climate (NC) value shows not much variation in noise intensity with pre-post and monsoon climates. This is a pioneer study on noise quality evaluation in these locations. This study will further help in preparing future management plans to combat noise pollution in these areas. 
Keywords: Noise pollution; Equivalent noise level (Leq); Traffic noise; L99;L90;Noise climate (NC); Noise traffic Index (TNI); Noise pollution level (Lnp)

The period between 1850 and 1915 known as the Golden Age of Microbiology is possibly returning to 2020s. Information Technology had its beginning of upward growth from 1990s and Growth of Social media increased tremendously in the decade of 2010 and both still continues to grow.

Anthropogenic, non-degradable materials are well-known for fragmentation in the coastal and marine environments which lead to formation of micro litter particles. Due to the buoyant and persistent properties of micro litters, they have a potential to become widely dispersed in the coastal marine environment through the hydrodynamic processes and ocean currents. Ingestion of these micro litters in marine organisms has been reported hence they play a vital role in disturbances in the marine food webs. Therefore, we have assessed the distribution and abundance of micro litters in ten selected beaches along the Gulf of Mannar between Dhanuskodi and Thoothukudi, southeast coast of India during August 2013 and February 2014.
Overall, the total micro litters segregated in the Gulf of Mannar were 27.9 item m^{3 -1}. The sampling period wise record showed that August 2013 found highest record of 17.67 item m^{3 -1} while it was only 10.23 item m^{3 -1} in Feb. 2014. Overall Gulf of Mannar recorded >92.6% occurrences of both hard (40.5%) and soft (52.1%) plastic type micro litters, whereas no single record of litter types of glass and cloth type micro litters were noticed. Nevertheless, overall, 2.6-5.0 mm size groups accounted maximum numbers in the Gulf of Mannar beaches. As litter groups, overall mean abundance of all five micro litter categories were higher in
Mugundarayar Chadram beach (17.0%) in Aug. 2013 and in Kundukal (15.2%) during Feb. 2014. As micro litter size categories, >10 mm sizes found to be dominated (1.56 item m^{3 -1}) in Muguntharayar Chadram beach and Pudumadam beach during Aug. 2013 and Feb. 2014, respectively.
The present study concludes that, the abundance of micro litters found to be varied between surveys, beaches, litters’ group and litters’ sizes. The micro litters of soft (SP) and hard plastics (HP) contributed more than 92.6% and mostly by fragments of fishing nets, nylon ropes, food wrappers, plastic buoys etc. The present study concludes that there is a possibility of migration of micro litters to the coastal and coral reef environments of Gulf of Mannar due to hydrodynamic process thus enter the marine food chain including corals via engulfment as food materials. Therefore, a proper disposal plan should be followed to control solid waste management in the Coastal Marine Environment.
Keywords: Marine Litter; Micro Plastics; Beaches; Hydrodynamic process; Gulf of Mannar

One hundered and fifty soil samples were collected from different city of Babylon/Iraq. Thirty three Actinomycetes isolates were obtained, purified and identified according to morphological properties and biochemical ltests. All isolates were tested for the irantimicrobial activities and screened for production of some important enzymes such as amylase, catalase, protease, cellulose and lipase. There salts obtained that 13 isolated have such potential and all 13 isolates have amylase activity. The most active
isolates in production of study enzymes were KO-AG18, HI-SA24 and KO-RS27. Most 13 Actinomycetes isolates were showed antimicrobial against some Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus albus, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) and Gram- negative (Klebsella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aeromonas hydrophila due to inhibition zone diameter (mm) ranged from 4-37 against gram negative and from 6-37 against gram positive bacteria.
Keywords: Isolates; Antimicrobial Activity become isolates; antimicrobial; activity

It is not possible, therefore, to understand the phenomenon of life without understanding its fundamental component: WATER. The UN (UN) in accordance with the WHO (WHO), adopts on December 22, 1993 and by Resolution A/RES/47/193, that every year, every March 22, the call is commemorated: World Day of the water. Likewise, an invitation was sent to all member states to consecrate this day, as the promotion of public awareness and through the production and dissemination of documentaries, conferences, round tables, seminars and exhibitions related to the conservation and development of natural resources. hydric.

They have researched photosynthesis for approx. 250 years. They found the structure of chlorophyll in the 20th century, and photosynthesis has been elucidated as the total system by the Calvin cycle. Hereafter, they discussed the electron transfer in the chlorophyll. Since COP21, carbon-neutral has rapidly been a topic to decrease CO₂, and they study even artificial photosynthesis repeatedly. Their researches are solar beam, CO₂, and H₂O involving plants. The discussion has not developed from there up to today. The chlorophyll receives sunlight leading to an electron transfer, when the manganese cluster dissociates H₂O, then makes ATP. The enzyme catches CO₂ and forms glucose. This system is the well-known Calvin-Benson cycle. Here is a point that we report, namely, non-sunlight. We may dissociate the hydrogen bonds of water and assume to form the pico-sized particles that help plants absorb water from their roots, and they are easy to get around in stems and leaves, resulting in reaction with CO₂. The particles can emit far-infrared and terahertz under no sunlight, where we propose the agriculture factory with sustainable energy sources.
Keywords: O^₂ formation; CO₂ reduction; no-sunlight; pico-sized particle; LED light

A total of 75 one-day old broiler chickens were used in this study for investigate compatibility between Lincomycin and Kitasamycin for treating clostridium perfringens infection and its effects in hematobiochemical parameters. At day 15 of age broilers were divided into 5 equal groups. Chicks in groups (2, 3, 4 and 5) were infected with clostridium perfringens type C, 1^st group non-infected, non-treated (-ve control), 2^nd group-infected non-treated(+ve control), 3^rd group infected lincomycin treated for 5 days, 4^th group infected kitasamycin treated for 5 days and 5^th group infected treated with both drugs together by same dose and period. At 1^st day post treatment 2 blood sample was taken from all birds for hematobiochemical study. Infected broilers showed clinical signs as loss of appetite ruffled feathers, depression, loss of appetite, diarrhea, dehydration, polydipsia, emaciation, significant reduction in body weight gain total protein, albumin, catalase and superoxide dismutase beside significant increase in mortality rate, feed conversion rate, leukocytic count, heterophile, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophile, basophile, phagocytosis and index, liver enzyme (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase) uric acid, creatinine, malanodialdhyde coupled with insignificant increase in total globulin, alpha, beta and gamma globulin beside insignificant decrease in total lipids, triglycerides and cholesterol. Necrotic entritits induced many pathological leion in liver, kidney and intestine Treatment infected broilers using lincomycin and kitassmycin lead to improved in hematobiochemical parameter and reduction in clostridium perfringens counts in faeces and bacterial reiolation but infected broilers treated with both drugs together showed superior improvement in hematobiochemical parameter. It could be concluded that Combination of lincomycin and kitassmycin is effective in treatment necrotic entritis than each alone. 

Keyword: Clostridium perfringens; Lincomycin; Kitasamycin; Broilers; Pathology

This paper looks at several facets of alumni-alma mater relationship and strategies for managing it for achieving success. It is recognized that nostalgia is the glue that can sustain the relationship, and continuous mutual communication is essential to keep alive the relationship. There are mutual expectations which must be carefully fulfilled. The driving forces for promoting the alumni-alma mater relationship and critical success factors should be recognized and nurtured. Regular Reunions, on campus and at the different alumni centers are necessary to maintain the momentum of the relationship.

The term ontology came from two Greek words i.e., “Onto” and “logos”. It denotes “study or knowledge about everything that actually exists”. Philosophers defined the word “Ontology” in their own way. It is discipline of philosophy [1] that deals with structures of things, events, processes, and relations in every aspect of reality. In recent years, research in multidisciplinary fields has exploded in various sectors or domain. “Ontology” term from philosophy was adapted and repurposed to fit the needs of sectors or domain. Thecore goal of ontologies is to provide a vision of a domain. Ontologies consist of all relevant domain-specific terminologies and connections that help to identify core concepts and accumulate critical information related to the domain. Nowadays, ontology is deployed in various fields to capture the domain knowledge. The use of ontology in various sectors is shown in Fig.1 and explained further.

Given the world’s demographic expansion, agricultural production must at least be doubled by 2050 to feed the world’s population. However, the agricultural sector is increasingly suffering from harsh climatic conditions, mainly drought, and soil nutrient depletion. These conditions dramatically affect the qualitative and quantitative production, and increase the demand for chemical fertilizers. Unfortunately, what complicates things further is that the world currently recognizes a surge in fertilizer prices in general and especially those containing nitrogen. In addition, according to the World Bank, the rise in fertilizer prices is expected to continue. Therefore, there is an urgent need to seek effective, ecological, and sustainable alternatives to meet global nutritional needs.

Dolphins and whales are collectively referred to as cetaceans which have until recently remained unstudied in Ghana and within the Gulf of Guinea. In recent times, the growing increase in the landings and stranding of cetaceans have raised concern to environmentalists and the general public even though Ghana has enacted several legislations intended to foster the conservation of biodiversity and protection of the environment. 

This work addresses the concepts that surround what comprises healing modalities in these days and times. The concepts discussed do not involve those of surgery. There are three major thrusts in the origin of healing concepts that have been developed over the ages. The more advanced Eastern concepts first originated in the sub-continent of India and were later transferred to the area that is now known as China. All Eastern concepts began development some 4000 years ago and eventually yielded a comprehensive treatment system that lasted into modern times. The Western concepts originated in Europe and progressed much more slowly than those in the East. In all cases, most of what would be known as medicines were for the most part derived from herbal sources with a minority from mineral of animal sources.

Background: Breast cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women accounting for about 11% of all cancer types diagnosed globally annually and one of the leading causes of women mortality in spite of significant improvements in treatment. Treatment of breast cancer in Nigeria is based of expression pattern of ER, PR and HER2 using targeted therapies.
Methods: Two hundred and seventy three (273) archived paraffin wax processed breast tissue samples were sorted and selected from the histopathology laboratories and museums of the facility. Data were realized from clinical records, operation notes and histopathology results of the patients involved. HER2, ER and PR expressions were assessed by immunohistochemistry (Avidin-biotin complex method). Expression patterns were scored based on proportion and intensity of immune-labeling using semi-quantitative method.
Results: The age of patients ranged from 30 to 75 years with greater population falling between 30-45 years. Numerically, breast cancer cases seen increased progressively from 2015 to 2019. Most breast cancer tissues were ER positive 146 (53.5%) while 65 (23.8%) samples were HER2 positive. A greater percentage of the samples assessed were ER/PR/HER positive (Triple positive) while ER negative/PR positive accounted for the least case.
Conclusion: The present study revealed a progressive increase of breast cancer incidence from the year 2015 to 2019 in the centre studied with ER/PR positive cancers being the most prevalent followed by triple negative cancers. More awareness to breast cancer risk factors, prevention, screening and early presentation to hospitals should be intensified with emphasis on early detection and targeted and personalized management.

Keywords: Breast Cancer; ER; PR; HER2

Abstract
Aims and objectives: Covid 19 pandemic brought a host of symptoms in the last 2 years. Amongst these anosmia or loss of smell and taste were some of the striking though less common symptoms. Significant rise in Anosmia with or without onset of upper respiratory tract infection prompted a study in which patients with loss of smell were screened over a period of one year to study the nature of this symptom.
Materials and Methiods: A questionnaire had to be filled by patients visiting in our clinics or through online consultations. 53 patients were selected.
Observations: Our observations showed that in 86.8% of patients, anosmia was the only symptom and 73.6% required no specific treatment. In 89.3% anosmia resolved within 3 months.
Conclusion: Hence it is concluded that anosmia can be used as a marker for COVID 19 testing. It appears to be a transient symptom which resolves spontaneously.

Keywords: Anosmia; loss of smell; COVID 19; SARS-CoV-2; Olfactory dysfunction

The inherent vibration occurring due to compliance of Flexible Robotic System (FRS) provides numerous challenges to achieve accuracy at the end-effector of the FRS. This paper focuses on the study of influence of electronic control system hardware over electromechanical output of the FRS. The paper provides an insight to the relationship between drive current and motor torque with vibrations in the system. Design details of the novel indigenously-developed control electronics and, finally the controller of the prototype FRS will be reported in this paper, backed up by the glimpses of mechanical hardware. The performance and robustness of the prototype FRS will be finally discussed based on some representative analysis and results thereof. We will discuss about implementing various trajectory functions in the control program of the prototype FRS. The paper will further lead to modified linear trajectory where parabolic blends are introduced to reduce the infinite acceleration, which would eventually reduce the vibration in the links of the FRS.

Keywords: Flexible Robot; Control System; Electronics; Vibration; Rheology; Sensor; Gripper; Trajectory Functions

The history of sciences contains unusual examples of the achievements in physics and mathematics, which methods did not use for problems in applied science during the centuries. One such example is the intricate motions and acting force of the ordinary revolving disc, which theory was worked out in our time. The top toys were invented in ancient times, which intricate motions astonished the people of different civilizations. The unusual motions and acting forces of the top toys today are called gyro effects [1].

Application of Neuro-physiological monitoring (IONPM)
Application of neurophysiological monitoring during surgery (IOM) in intra operative Neurospinal surgery, cases reduces the chances of neuro-spinal surgery complications at all neurological level. Many techniques are available and motor and SSEP (evoked potentials somatosensory) are thought to be essential for better results of IONPM. Spinal cord - evoked potentials (SEP) are observed and recorded over cord where stimulation by electrical means is given on directly over the spinal cord (posterior column) by an epidural stimulation by electrodes. SSEP (somatosensory evoked potentials) provide the functional and anatomical continuity of sensory tracts .starting from peripheral most nerve and posterior column to the sensory cortex.

The myometrium must remain remarkably during pregnancy to allow the growth and growth of the fetoplacental unit and subsequently become a highly coordinated and forcefully contracted organ for successful expulsion of the newborn during the period of labor. The temporal control of work is complex and involves interactions between the mother, fetus, and placenta. The prompt start of career and delivery is a crucial factor of the perinatal result. Both preterm birth (pregnancy before 37 weeks) and post-term pregnancy (pregnancy after 42 weeks) linked with a meaningful increase in perinatal morbidity and mortality. This paper discusses the processes for uterine distension and reduced contractions during pregnancy and the cascade for the timely and spontaneous start of labor.
Keywords: Paturation; Pregnancy; Labour; Myometrium

Abstract
Simulation with FlexSim an alternative to apply the M/M/C Model in a service system. Introduction. The study includes a literary review, model and simulation concepts, applications, the FlexSim characterization and the M / M / C model, that is, multiple channels. Objective. Address key concepts related to the use of FlexSim software within a simulation model in a service process where decisions can be made based on the study of queuing theory. Method. After performing the goodness-of-fit test for Poisson, it was determined that the arrival distribution to the line of people every hour does comply with a Poisson-type distribution because its Chi-square test reaches a value of 0.92 which represents that it is well above the coefficient of 0.5. Therefore, the exact probability of finding n arrivals during a certain time T can be found, if the process is random, as is the case of the cooperative, Results. The average number of clients in the queue waiting to be served, giving a reduction from 1.04 to 0.14 clients, so it is understood that, if the increase in servers in the cooperative were applied, this would cause that queues are generated in the system, since its L_q is 0.14 clients.
Keywords: Customers; Distribution; Model; Simulation; Queuing theory

The use of AI has transformed the approaches of a pathway or target identification to treat ailments. This was conceivable owing to the incorporation of genomics information, biochemical attributes, and target tractability. The use of AI has significantly caused pharma companies with increasing productivity, reproducibility, and repeatability of manufacturing as well as clinical trial processes. AI has considerably reduced the cost and time required to achieve the target required.

The browse species are an important source of nutrients for goats in arid range-land. However, the chemical compositions of browse species used as goat feed in Bena-Tsemay district have not studied and documented for future long-term utilization which target to properly balance their inclusion levels in animal diets. Thus, this study was conducted to assess chemical compositions of selected browse species browsed by goats. The leaves of fourteen browse species samples were collected from range-land and analyzed for chemical compositions in completely randomized block design by using the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) procedures of SAS. The higher (p<0.05) crude protein (CP) (198g/kg, DM) was observed in A. marina leaves, while the lower CP levels (125g/kg, DM) and (126g/kg, DM) were observed in A. tortilis and G. tenax leaves, respectively. The S. birrea leaves had higher (p<0.05) estimated dry matter intake (94.05g/kg, DM), while it was lower (58.57g/kg, DM) for A. tortilis leaves. However, the digestible dry matter (DDM), total digestible nutrients (TDN), relative feed value (RFV) and metablisable energy (ME) values were similar (p<0.05) among the all studied browse plant species. Based on result from this study, it can be concluded that all studied browse plants had high-quality-protein to supplement poor-quality-roughage feeds for enhanced livestock production. Also, it is suggested that future research will consider the supplementation effects of browse plant on animal
performances (meat, milk and growth rate). 
Keywords: Crude protein; Digestible dry matter; Dry matter intake; Relative feed value; Metabolizable energy

Undoubtedly, the year 2020 will be marked by fire as the year of the COVID-19 pandemic, a situation that, on the other hand, we are still suffering and we do not foresee that it can conclude at least in the short term since we outlined these lines. To assume that everything is known about Sars-Cov 2 [1] (Severe acute respiratory syndrome - coronavirus 2) is a fallacy, since every day, we know less for sure than we do not know about it.

In the present study, 2.34 m (average) silica particles with large pore size (363 Å) have been prepared from bulk monoliths by using sol–gel method and were then chemically modified by reaction with a C-18 and was used for the adsorption of Cr (VI) and Cr (III) ions from wastewater. The prepared adsorbent was characterized by Scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis before and after the adsorption of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) ions. The amount of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) adsorbed was detected by Atomic Absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The 90 % Cr (VI) and 98 % Cr (III) were achieved at pH3 and, 6 respectively. The process followed pseudo 2^nd order kinetics, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms well. The ΔG values were -50.02 and -49.62 kJ mol⁻¹, for Cr(VI) ions and Cr(III) ions respectively, which show spontaneous adsorption of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) ions on to AC surface. ΔH was 44.18 kJ mol^-1 for Cr(VI) and 39.55 kJ mol⁻¹“for Cr(III) ions, are showing the endothermic nature of adsorption. The ΔS (152 J mol^-1K^-1 for Cr(VI) and 139.88 mol^-1K^-1 for Cr(III) ions) showing sorbate/sorbent complex stability.
Keywords: Pseudo Monolithic Silica; SEM; XRD; Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy

In the present study, modified sawdust was used for the removal of an azo dye Methylene Blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. The study was carried out in batch mode. Effects of various important parameters such as pH, concentration, temperature, dose, and agitation speed on the removal of the dye were investigated for optimization of the process. It was observed that the maximum removal of 99.5% was achieved at the lowest dye concentration of 75PPM. The process of removal was found to be endothermic. Adsorption of Methylene Blue on modified sawdust was rapid and in accordance with pseudo-2nd -order kinetics. The Langmuir isotherm model agrees well with the sorption isotherm data and also confirms that adsorption took place on the homogenous surface of modified sawdust. The adsorption capacity (Q_max.) determined from Langmuir isotherm was found to be 5.464 mg g^-1. The thermodynamics parameters like ΔG, ΔH, ΔS are found to be 30.057 kJmol^-1, 44.089 kJ mol^-1, and 0.0514 kJmol^-1K^-1 respectively, revealing that the adsorption process is spontaneous, endothermic, and feasible Therefore, the study recommends that modified sawdust is a promising candidate for the efficient removal of dye-contaminated wastewater.
Keywords: Adsorption; Sawdust; Methylene Blue; Kinetics; Thermodynamics

Ventilators induced pneumonias are usually associated with some predisposing risk factors. Predisposing factor which were taken into account during this study were prior antacids, prior aspiration, alcoholism, smoking, prior hospital stay and underlying diseases which includes chronic lung disease, diabetes mellitus, neoplasia and heart insufficiency, antibiotic therapy. 50 such case undergone neurosurgeries were studied and detailed analysis is presented.
Keywords: Pneumonia; Ventilator; Consolidation; Hospital acquired infection; Hospital associated infection; Kerby-Bauer method

This thesis mainly studies the social environment of pharmaceutical industry development in China and the United States in the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. By analyzing various factors of social development, this paper points out that historical factors greatly affect the development mode of national industry on the basis of combining industrial characteristics.
Keywords: Pharmaceutical industry; Historical factors; Industry characteristics

Rising interest in a single-payer healthcare system known as Medicare for All (MFA) has reached the support of nearly 55% of physicians and two-thirds of Americans polled [1]. This comes at a time when nearly 29 million Americans remain uninsured in the setting of a 4.6% increase in healthcare spending in 2019 totaling $3.8 trillion in expenditures, despite the implementation of the multitude of insurance options within the Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 [2]. Presently, there are two bills in the legislature being considered to address this matter with the Medicare for All Act of 2019. Lobbyists are considering a government- funded healthcare system that would serve to reduce burdensome administrative and health-related costs and simplify an already multiplex insurance-laden system. 
Keywords: Medicare programs; Fee-for-service; Private insurance; Selection bias; Drug costs; Medicare reimburse

We all know that our environment is a complex of physical, chemical, and biotic factors that act upon all living beings or communities. In Dictionary environment simply means ‘surroundings’ (environ) and it is the aggregate of that which includes social & cultural conditions or influences. The environment provides us food (Roti), clothing (Kapda), shelter (Makan), and fulfill sallour desires and needs whether big or small.

The article deals with issues related to the development of vocational education in the Central Black Earth Economic Region as a key component of the formation and development of human potential. The article examines the current state of vocational education in five regions and identifies the main internal constraints and external challenges facing the vocational education system. The authors define the conditions for the further development of the higher education system, promising areas of activity of universities and propose an algorithm for the formation of the concept and design of a competitive educational program. 
Keywords: Human capital; Professional education; Educational development; Educational program concept; Educational program development

In the paper has considering the possibilities of creating hardware and software of circuits, algorithms and software for processing and recognition of biosignals. And also, the creation of a circuit, algorithms and software for the system for picking up, processing and selecting biosignals. The aim of the research is to develop a method, an algorithm, and a complex of applied programs for automatic recognition of electrocardiographic signals to improve the efficiency of diagnostics of cardiovascular diseases. The object of research is systems for measuring, analyzing and selecting biosignals. 
Keywords: Biomedical signal; Digital filtering; EEG; ECG; Gastrogram; Enterogram; Filter coefficient; visualization; Non-invasive method; Software; Interference suppression

In this pandemic situation of COVID-19, sanitizing is one of the most important and crucial activity which needs to be done timely. As per the report issued by medical experts COVID-19 can leave on the surfaces that the patient or a person suffering from Covid-19 may touch timely. The molecules of virus can land on surfaces or devices of daily use and thus infecting the it and making it more prone to be infectious. The contagious mode of the virus makes it more deadly and results in extreme precautions to be taken in order to prevent an individual from getting infected by the virus. In order to overcome this problem sanitizing chamber can be used to sterilize the equipment and make them ready to use again for the users. In a country with less developed medical facilities and services sterilization proves to be a useful step. The medical equipment like masks, mobiles, wallet, small clothes, etc. can also cause viruses. Our project provides support to healthcare organization’s looking for alternative methods to preserve and reuse such equipment.
In the context of COVID-19, everyone has to protect themselves and for that, everyone is doing what they need to do to protect themselves, but we are making this project to sanitize the things that can be infected due to certain things. People are using sanitizer to protect themselves from getting infected but if they can’t use sanitizer on some things then they can be bad because there are different types of sanitizers available in the market but they are in liquid form and you can use liquid sanitizer on your mobile, electronics, and money. Can’t use and to avoid the risk that a person can be infected from this thing, we have started this project in which you can sanitize your mobile, electronics, money, etc., and its use will not spoil those things, because it is not in liquid form, but in light form. Destroys germs.
Keywords: UVC; COVID-19

The past decade has seen significant advancement in the field of agriculture industry. Various smart appliances such as cellular phones, moisture sensors, humidity sensor and smart irrigation are set to realize the concept of a new smart farming with the help of latest technology. In Malaysia, farmers experience crop damage and decrease in plant quantity and quality because they unable to monitor the crop all day. The development of a monitoring system that can helps farmer grow crops is enticing demand for busy individuals with physical limitations. Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) technology, which has emerged in the late 1970s, is an ideal solution for this problem. In this paper, a development of intelligent system for alert notification in indoor planting is presented. This paper describes an application of GSM technology for monitoring light system in indoor planting with the use of hardware component like Arduino board, GSM SIM900A, LDR and LED strip. The major role of this system is to enable farmers to get notified when the light system for their plants is down through GSM SIM900A. Each time the light system is light on and light off, the farmers will receive an SMS to notify them. System functional testing was carried to evaluate the performance of implementing GSM SIM900A whether the prototype is free from error or there are a few errors occurs. The results shown that, the system is well functioning for alert notification in indoor planting monitoring. In conclusion, the development of intelligent systems for alert notification in indoor planting was developed using Arduino and GSM SIM900A to able farmers notified about their indoor planting when to be monitored.
Keywords: GSM Technology; Monitoring; Indoor Planting; Intelligent System; Arduino

Drones are unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and are remote controlled or GPS driven that can be operated for various applications in agriculture e.g., aerial crop monitoring, uniform pesticide spraying, seed distribution and aerial watering. Day by day use of drones and IOT technologies in agriculture are gaining momentum. In USA almost 84% farmers are using drones on regular basis daily or weekly. With this, new tech aviation companies are shaping which are providing drones on rental basis or providing their services on contract basis. In this article authors have tried to explore and analyze drones as future technology to assist agricultural activities and working towards better and efficient use of scarce resources in agriculture.

After 18^th century human activities become harsher for the climate as human is adding greenhouse gases in the climate like CO₂ and methane through different activities like burning of fossil fuels. Due to this, CO₂ and methane level in atmosphere is increasing day by day. That CO₂ and methane act like blanket wrapped around earth’s atmosphere, and this blanket trap heat from sun and cause rising in temperatures.

Drought has been recognized as a primary constraint in limiting the growth and development of plants. It impairs normal growth, disturbs water relations, and reduces water use efficiency in plants. Drought stress at any growth stage also, poses detrimental effects on morphological and physiological criteria in plants. To maintain growth and productivity, plants must adapt to stress conditions and exercise specific tolerance mechanisms of stress agents. Plant modification for enhanced tolerance is mostly based on gene transformation, however, the nature of the genetically complex mechanisms of abiotic stress tolerance, and the potential detrimental side effects, make this task extremely difficult. A promising alternative for improving plant drought tolerance is using the beneficial soil microorganisms including Plant-growth-promoting fungi (PGPF). This research was undertaken to investigate the effect of two PGPFs on some morphological and physiological indices and nutritional status of sesame plant under drought conditions. For this purpose, a field experiment using a completely randomized blocks with three replications and treatments including fungal inoculation (non-inoculation, Piriformospora indica and Rhizophagus irregularis) and drought levels include 55, 75 and 85% of SAW (Soil Available water) depletion on the basis of combined analysis in Lavark Field (Isfahan Province) was conducted. The results showed that the comparison of studied fungi indicates that only R. irregularis increased the concentration of phosphorus in the shoot part of plants, significantly. Each of the studied fungi showed their positive effect on different characterist